Scattering of scalar perturbations with cosmological constant in low-energy and high-energy regimes

We study the absorption and scattering of massless scalar waves propagating in spherically symmetric spacetimes with dynamical cosmological constant both in low-energy and high-energy zones. In the former low-energy regime, we solve analytically the Regge-Wheeler wave equation and obtain an analytic absorption probability expression which varies with $M\sqrt{\Lambda}$, where $M$ is the central mass and $\Lambda$ is cosmological constant. The low-energy absorption probability, which is in the range of $[0, 0.986701]$, increases monotonically with increase in $\Lambda$. In the latter high-energy regime, the scalar particles adopt their geometric optics limit value. The trajectory equation with effective potential emerges and the analytic high-energy greybody factor, which is relevant with the area of classically accessible regime, also increases monotonically with increase in $\Lambda$, as long $\Lambda$ is less than or of the order of $10^4$. In this high-energy case, the null cosmological constant result reduces to the Schwarzschild value $27\pi r_g^2/4$.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figure

the research of software project performance evaluation model based-on dea

IEEE Wuhan Section; Sichuan University; Wuhan University; James Madison UniversityThrough analyzing main factors of affecting software project performance, the indicator system of project organization states and project self features is build, the connotation of software project performance evaluation is defined; In accordance with DEA principle, takes the features of software project and the states of software organization as output, proposes a new model of software project performance evaluation based-on DEA, case study demonstrates that DEA can prove effectively the development level of software project and quality level of software product. © 2010 IEEE

research on a software trustworthy measure model

Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan University; Huazhong Normal University; National Technical University of Ukraine; Harbin Institute of TechnologyThrough analyzing the factors affecting software trustworthy, established the index system of trustworthy software estimation. Apply Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine the relative importance of factors and indicator items affecting software trustworthy, and then determine the score of estimation index system through fuzzy estimation model, use the combination of both to measure software trustworthy. Finally, this paper presents an example to validate the validity and objectivity of this model. © 2010 IEEE

the trustworthiness metric model of software process quality based-on life circle

Communication University of China; Wuhan University; James Madison University; Institute of Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Sciences; IEEE Wuhan SectionThrough analyzing basic characters of software process, from three dimensions: software process products, software process actions and software entities, this paper establishes the measurement indicators system of software process quality trustworthiness, and introduces the measurement model of software process trustworthiness. Instances studies show the model can not only evaluate the trustworthy degree of software process quality, but also identify potential risk factors in software developing process, and provide trusted decision-making reference for avoiding risk of projects and improving product quality. ©2009 IEEE

the study of trustworthy software process improvement model

Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Natl Tech Univ Ukraine, Huazhong Normal Univ, Harbin Inst Technol, IEEE Ukraine Sect, I& M/CI Joint ChapterThrough analyzing the basic characters of Trustworthy Software, the index system of Trustworthy Software Process Measurement is set up, the correlation among Trustworthy Software, Trustworthy Process and Measurement Indexes is described formally, the model of Trustworthy Process Improvement and Measurement is introduced. Some instances researches show the model can not only estimate the trustworthy degree of software process, but also identify potential risk factors in software developing process, and provide trusty decision-making reference for software process improvement and risk prevention

What Drives Online-to-Offline Commerce: From a Perspective of Consumer

The online-to-offline (O2O) commerce has been one of the hottest topics nowadays, but which features of the O2O commerce drive the consumers to be involved into are still blur. To figure out the question, two important features of O2O commerce, i.e., offline experience and the integration of online and offline information, were incorporated into an empirical model to examine their influences on the technology and economics attributes of O2O commerce from the perspective of consumers. The two features were confirmed to exert significant impacts on consumer’s acceptance of O2O commerce. Finally, the implication and the direction of future study were discussed

Dry Bulk Carrier Investment Selection through a Dual Group Decision Fusing Mechanism in the Green Supply Chain

Uncertain linguistic variables and scoring evaluations are two important evaluation mechanisms in the decision making field. Sustainability requirements for ship investment lead to the complexity of influence factors and the decision making process. The uncertain linguistic assessment features a large amount of ambiguity and subjectivity, while the scoring evaluation features high precision and distinct gradations. This paper constructs a criteria system in the green supply chain and proposes a dual group decision fusing mechanism for integrating the linguistic variable and scoring evaluation into a unified evaluation term. A hierarchical cloud of linguistic variable terms is constructed based on scoring via a reverse cloud generator, and then, the ship investment linguistic terms are transformed into prospect values. In addition, the consistency and investment selection performance are measured after aggregating the individual decision matrices for group decision making. The empirical research results on the selection of dry bulk carriers for investment show that dual group decision fusing mechanisms could effectively improve the consistency, decision making efficiency, and accuracy of dry bulk ship investment choices and reduce the cost of feedback adjustment for group decisions. In comparison with the trapezoidal fuzzy and fuzzy TOPSIS methods of group decision making, the proposed method performs better when there are a large number of alternatives