The Erwinia amylovora incursion in the Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne (RBGM) in autumn 1997 cost the Australian pome fruit and nursery industries an estimated A20millioninlostrevenue.Thecostofthenationalorchardandurbansurveys,eradicationprograms,diagnostics,andmediamanagementwasestimatedatA2.2 million and involved some 250 people. As a result of the E. amylovora incursion in the RBGM, an imposition of interstate trade on the movement of host plants and related produce was enforced. These restrictions cost the Victorian pome fruit and nursery industries around A7millioninlostsalesanddepressedprices.InternationaltradewasalsosuspendedinsomeinstancesandtheTasmanianindustryapplicationforaccesstotheJapaneseapplemarketwasdelayedfortwoyearsandcostanestimatedA10 million in lost sales. Prior to and since the RBGM incursion a number of research projects have been commissioned, at a cost of A0.5million,toformulatedetailedcontingencyplansanddiagnosticprotocolsandimproveawarenessandAustralia’spreparednessforthenextE.amylovoraincident.TheeconomicimpactofafireblightoutbreakinAustralia’slargestpomefruitgrowingdistrict(GoulburnValley,Victoria)wascalculatedusingadynamicmulti−regionalcomputablegeneralequilibriumprogramofAustraliacalledTERM(TheEnormousRegionalModel)(Horridgeetal.,2003).Twoseparatescenarioswereconsidered.Inthefirstscenarioanoutbreakwith30260 million. In the second scenario an outbreak is not eradicated and pome fruit output in the Goulburn Valley declines by 50% for pears and 20% for apples and results in losses of A$870 million in net present value