Analysing Phraseological Units in Legal Translation: Evaluation of Translation Errors for the English-Spanish Language Pair

This paper describes a contrastive case study carried out with a sample of second-year undergraduate students studying a BA in Translation at the University of Westminster (UoW). The case study analyses the translation strategies used by translation students when dealing with certain phraseological units (PU) in a piece of legal translation coursework involving the English into Spanish language pair. This paper aims to describe the type of errors students tend to make when they translate PU in a semi-specialized legal text and to establish a comparison between the most common errors made by English native speakers (ENS) and Spanish native speakers (SNS). Under the umbrella term of phraseological unit, the stress of this study is mainly put on the analysis of collocations, which can be defined as the combination of two or more words which frequently appear in combination with each other and where each lexical unit retains its meaning (Buendía 2013; Buendía, Montero & Faber 2014). In the light of this analysis and in line with recent case studies undertaken in the field of legal translation (Pontrandolfo 2016), this paper points to some approaches that enhance the phraseological competence required in semi-specialized legal translation courses. These approaches include task-based approaches applied to translator training (e.g. Hurtado Albir 1999/2003, 2015a, 2015b; González Davies 2004; Borja 2007/2015; Huc-Hepher & Huertas Barros 2016), critical discourse analysis (Way 2012), and approaches based on decision making and problem solving (Prieto Ramos 2014; Way 2014)

Optimising resourcing skills to develop phraseological competence in legal translation: tasks and approaches

Based on a previous case study on common translation errors made by trainee translators when dealing with phraseological units in legal translation (Huertas Barros and Buendía 2017), this paper proposes some activities and approaches to minimise these errors and hence enhance students’ phraseological competence in this field. To this end, we first provide a description of the most representative legal resources available for translators, particularly for the English-Spanish language pair. Then we review some of the existing approaches that could develop students’ legal translation competence, particularly phraseological competence. For each type of error identified in our previous case study, we propose a set of research-based activities which could avoid such errors by maximising the use of legal resources. The emphasis is put on preliminary documentary research and effective use of corpora prior to the translation task. In order to mitigate translation errors, we propose an integrated approach combining task-based approaches with approaches based on critical discourse analysis, and problem-solving and decision-making. While these tasks have been designed for a semi-specialised legal text pertaining to a subdomain of Family Law (i.e. adoption), they can be easily applied to any other areas of subdomains of legal translation

Characterization of small Brushless motors for unmanned aerial vehicles/ Caracterização de motores Brushless de pequeno porte para veículos aéreos não tripulados

Brushless motors are increasingly present in our lives and to get the best out of them it is important to know their performance. The objective of this work is to create a methodology of experimental characterization of this type of motor. As a methodology, research was done on similar works, it was built a test bench and an acquisition system to obtain the data. The variables measured were: rotation, torque, temperature, current and voltage. In addition to possessing a servo motor that acts like brake prony type to vary the load applied to the system. The results obtained allowed the analysis of the motor performance. It was also possible to design a mathematical model that represents the system, using the information obtained and the equations present in the literature. It was possible to conclude that the bench and the methodology used were valid, and that the ESC (electronic speed controller) is a great efficiency limiter of the motors

Disorder-induced double resonant Raman process in graphene

An analytical study is presented of the double resonant Raman scattering process in graphene, responsible for the D and D$^{\prime}$ features in the Raman spectra. This work yields analytical expressions for the D and D$^{\prime}$ integrated Raman intensities that explicitly show the dependencies on laser energy, defect concentration, and electronic lifetime. Good agreement is obtained between the analytical results and experimental measurements on samples with increasing defect concentrations and at various laser excitation energies. The use of Raman spectroscopy to identify the nature of defects is discussed. Comparison between the models for the edge-induced and the disorder-induced D band intensity suggests that edges or grain boundaries can be distinguished from disorder by the different dependence of their Raman intensity on laser excitation energy. Similarly, the type of disorder can potentially be identified not only by the intensity ratio $I_{\mathrm{D}}/I_{\mathrm{D}^{\prime}}$, but also by its laser energy dependence. Also discussed is a quantitative analysis of quantum interference effects of the graphene wavefunctions, which determine the most important phonon wavevectors and scattering processes responsible for the D and D$^{\prime}$ bands.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure

The two-echelon capacitated vehicle routing problem: models and math-based heuristics

Multiechelon distribution systems are quite common in supply-chain and logistics. They are used by public administrations in their transportation and traffic planning strategies, as well as by companies, to model own distribution systems. In the literature, most of the studies address issues relating to the movement of flows throughout the system from their origins to their final destinations. Another recent trend is to focus on the management of the vehicle fleets required to provide transportation among different echelons. The aim of this paper is twofold. First, it introduces the family of two-echelon vehicle routing problems (VRPs), a term that broadly covers such settings, where the delivery from one or more depots to customers is managed by routing and consolidating freight through intermediate depots. Second, it considers in detail the basic version of two-echelon VRPs, the two-echelon capacitated VRP, which is an extension of the classical VRP in which the delivery is compulsorily delivered through intermediate depots, named satellites. A mathematical model for two-echelon capacitated VRP, some valid inequalities, and two math-heuristics based on the model are presented. Computational results of up to 50 customers and four satellites show the effectiveness of the methods developed

Parede celular de levedura em rações para alevinos de Tilápia do Nilo.

Este estudo avaliou a suplementação de diferentes níveis de parede celular de levedura spray dried (0,0%; 0,1%; 0,2% e 0,4%), em rações para alevinos de tilápia do Nilo. Foram utilizados 120 alevinos revertidos sexualmente para macho, com peso médio inicial de 2,48 ± 0,07 g, distribuídos aleatoriamente em 20 aquários circulares com volume de 60 L (seis peixes por aquário), dotados de sistema de recirculação de água com biofiltro e aquecimento controlado. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições. Não houve diferença significativa para conversão alimentar, taxa de crescimento específico e taxa de eficiência protéica. Para o ganho de peso houve efeito quadrático (p<0,05), com nível ótimo estimado em 0,22% de parede celular. Pode-se concluir que a inclusão de 0,22% de parede celular de levedura proporciona melhores resultados de desempenho produtivo para alevinos de tilápia do Nilo. Termos para indexação: Saccharomyces sp., glucano, manano,bitstream/item/38744/1/BP200847.pdfDocumento on-line

Desempenho produtivo de tilápias-do-nilo alimentadas com rações contendo parte aérea de mandioca.

bitstream/item/53729/1/BP201159.pd

Group Theory analysis of phonons in two-dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have emerged as a new two dimensional materials field since the monolayer and few-layer limits show different properties when compared to each other and to their respective bulk materials. For example, in some cases when the bulk material is exfoliated down to a monolayer, an indirect-to-direct band gap in the visible range is observed. The number of layers $N$ ($N$ even or odd) drives changes in space group symmetry that are reflected in the optical properties. The understanding of the space group symmetry as a function of the number of layers is therefore important for the correct interpretation of the experimental data. Here we present a thorough group theory study of the symmetry aspects relevant to optical and spectroscopic analysis, for the most common polytypes of TMDCs, i.e. $2Ha$, $2Hc$ and $1T$, as a function of the number of layers. Real space symmetries, the group of the wave vectors, the relevance of inversion symmetry, irreducible representations of the vibrational modes, optical selection rules and Raman tensors are discussed.Comment: 32 pages, 4 figure

Migrant and native women's perceptions of prenatal care communication quality: the role of host-country language proficiency

BackgroundDespite the potentially significant impact of women-prenatal care provider communication quality (WPCQ) on women's perinatal health, evidence on the determinants of those perceptions is still lacking, particularly among migrant women.MethodsWe aimed to examine the effect of women's host-country language proficiency on their perceived WPCQ. We analyzed the data of 1210 migrant and 1400 native women who gave birth at Portuguese public hospitals between 2017 and 2019 and participated in the baMBINO cohort study. Migrants' language proficiency was self-rated. Perceived WPCQ was measured as a composite score of 9 different aspects of self-reported communication quality and ranged from 0 (optimal) to 27.ResultsA high percentage of women (29%) rated communication quality as optimal. Zero-inflated regression models were fitted to estimate the association between language proficiency and perceived WPCQ. Women with full (aIRR 1.35; 95% CI 1.22,1.50), intermediate (aIRR 1.41; 95% CI 1.23,1.61), and limited (aIRR 1.72; 95% CI 1.45,2.05) language proficiencies were increasingly more likely to have lower WPCQ when compared to natives.ConclusionsFacilitating communication with migrant women experiencing language barriers in prenatal care could provide an important contribution to improving prenatal care quality and addressing potential subsequent disparities in perinatal health outcomes