“Do We Owe More to Fellow Nationals? The Particular and Universal Ethics in Bosanquet’s General Will and Miller’s Public Culture”

There are significant similarities between Bosanquet’s ethical function of the state and Miller’s defence of nations as communities that generate duties. Bosanquet’s references to the state are predominantly to the nation state (1917a: p. 295), and Miller argues that there are good reasons for states and nations to coincide. More to the point, there are essential similarities in the reasons why these two thinkers believe in the ethical significance of the nation state. Many of their arguments in defence of the state or the nation, respectively, are based on the particularist nature of communities in principle and the nation state in particular. The state, for Bosanquet, has ethical significance because it embodies the general will and the latter can exist only in specific communities with shared experiences and established traditions. The general will is anchored in specific communities, institutions and practices and the state is ‘the largest body which possesses the unity of experience necessary for constituting a general will’ (Bosanquet, 1917a: p. 272). Miller’s commitment to particularist ethics is explicit. Particularism, for him, works on the assumption ‘that memberships and attachments in general have ethical significance’ (Miller, 1995: p. 65). National membership, however, supersedes in ethical significance other memberships for two reasons: existence of public culture and national self-determination

Civil society leadership in the struggle for AIDS treatment in South Africa and Uganda

Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.This thesis is an attempt to theorise and operationalise empirically the notion of ‘civil society leadership’ in Sub-Saharan Africa. ‘AIDS leadership,’ which is associated with the intergovernmental institutions charged with coordinating the global response to HIV/AIDS, is both under-theorised and highly context-specific. In this study I therefore opt for an inclusive framework that draws on a range of approaches, including the literature on ‘leadership’, institutions, social movements and the ‘network’ perspective on civil society mobilisation. This framework is employed in rich and detailed empirical descriptions (‘thick description’) of civil society mobilisation around AIDS, including contentious AIDS activism, in the key case studies of South Africa and Uganda. South Africa and Uganda are widely considered key examples of poor and good leadership (from national political leaders) respectively, while the Treatment Action Campaign (TAC) and The AIDS Support Organisation (TASO) are both seen as highly effective civil society movements. These descriptions emphasise ‘transnational networks of influence’ in which civil society leaders participated (and at times actively constructed) in order to mobilise both symbolic and material resources aimed at exerting influence at the transnational, national and local levels

World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) guidelines for management of skin and soft tissue infections

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RU4.02TaskB: Source parameters of significant italian historical earthquakes within the SISMOS project framework

We have analyzed 18 out of the selected 19 events of the Italian seismic history. We have paid particular attention to the Adriatic coast earthquakes, 1908 Calabro Messinese and the 1917 Sansepolcro earthquakes. The historical bulletins, the instrumental parameters and the paper seismograms for all the 13 events have been recovered. The relocation of the events for which we have the complete set of data (the P and S arrival times and the paper records to read the missing arrival times) was carried out. We have vectorialized seismograms for the recovered components of the following earthquakes: Calabria 1905, Calabro Messinese 1908, Monterchi-Citerna 1917, Senigallia 1930, Adriatic reagion1934,1938, 1962. For the earthquakes occurred during war periods, is very difficult to find the bulletins, the paper seismograms and the instrument parameters. However, for the 1916 Adriatic earthquake we have enough bulletins to estimate the instrumental location. The Sismos team has developed a new methodology to compute the moment tensor. This method has the advantage to be suitable for historical dataset, but require long time computation even using the new multi-dualcore computers. Using this technique we have calculated the moment tensor and magnitude for the 1917 San Sepolcro earthquake using amplitudes from digitized seismograms, while polarities come from both bulletins and seismograms reading.UnpublishedUniversità Roma33.1. Fisica dei terremotiope

The application of IMPACT prognostic models to elderly adults with traumatic brain injury: A population-based observational cohort study

Background: The International Mission for Prognosis and Clinical Trial Design in TBI (IMPACT) prognostic models have been used to predict outcome following traumatic brain injury (TBI). These models were derived in a cohort primarily composed of randomized controlled trial participants and may not be valid for older patients seen in clinical practice. Patients and Methods: Using data from the National Study on Costs and Outcomes of Trauma (NSCOT) we identified adult patients presenting to US hospitals between July 2001 and November 2002 with non-penetrating moderate or severe TBI (GCS ≤12). The cohort was split into older (65-84 years) and younger (18-64 years) age strata and the predicted risks of death and unfavorable outcome were calculated using the IMPACT core and lab models. Model calibration and discrimination in the older stratum was compared to that in the younger stratum. Results: We identified 202 older patients (weighted n = 268) and 613 younger patients (weighted n = 1,682) with moderate or severe non-penetrating TBI. Older patients more commonly had multiple co-morbidities and used antiplatelets or anticoagulants prior to injury. Older patients were more frequently injured in a fall and three times more likely to be dead within 6 months of injury. IMPACT model discrimination did not differ significantly between older and younger age strata and was generally adequate (c-statistic for the core model predicting death by 6 months, 0.81 [0.77 – 0.84] versus 0.75 [0.66 – 0.84], respectively; p=0.26). IMPACT model calibration was poor for both older and younger strata (Hosmer-Lemeshow p-value for the core model for death by 6 months was 0.01 versus <0.0001, respectively). Pre-specified qualitative graphical evaluation suggested substantial under-prediction of mortality in the oldest decades of life but not among younger patients. Discussion: The examined IMPACT prognostic models demonstrated adequate discrimination but poor calibration in both older and younger strata of a population-based sample of patients with moderate-to-severe TBI. These models should be used with caution when stratifying geriatric TBI populations for the purposes of risk adjustment or clinical trial design.Non UBCMedicine, Faculty ofMedicine, Department ofReviewedFacultyResearche