ELECTROMAGNETIC ELECTRON-CYCLOTRON WAVES WITH AC FIELD IN THE MAGNETOSPHERE

In this paper the effect of externally injected beam of cold electrons on electromagnetic electron-cyclotron (EMEC) waves in the magnetosphere has been discussed. The investigation is conducted using the methodology of characteristic solution and considering kappa distribution function in the presence of AC field.  The objective of present study is to examine the variation in growth rate of EMEC waves when temperature anisotropy, magnitude of AC field and number density of energetic particles varies. It is inferred that EMEC waves grow more significantly when propagating oblique to magnetic field direction rather than parallel to magnetic field direction. Also that as the temperature anisotropy and number density of background plasma increases, growth rate of EMEC waves increases

Genomic Tools to Accelerate Improvement in Okra (<em>Abelmoschus esculentus</em>)

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench), is an important vegetable crop with limited studies on genomics. It is considered as an essential constituent for balanced food due to its dietary fibers, amino-acid and vitamins. It is most widely cultivated for its pods throughout Asia and Africa. Most of the okra cultivation is done exclusively in the developing countries of Asia and Africa with very poor productivity. India ranks first in the world with a production of 6.3 million MT (72% of the total world production). Cultivated okra is mostly susceptible to a large number of begomoviruses. Yellow vein mosaic disease (YVMD) caused by Yellow vein mosaic virus (YVMV) of genus Begomovirus (family Geminiviridae) results in the serious losses in okra cultivation. Symptoms of YVMD are chlorosis and yellowing of veins and veinlets at various levels, small size leaves, lesser and smaller fruits, and stunting growth. The loss in yield, due to YVMD in okra was found ranging from 30 to 100% depending on the age of the plant at the time of infection. Exploitation of biotechnological tools in okra improvement programmes is often restricted, due to the non availability of abundant polymorphic molecular markers and defined genetic maps. Moreover, okra genome is allopolyploid in nature and possess a large number of chromosomes (2n = 56–196) which makes it more complicated. Genomics tools like RNA- seq. for transcriptome analysis has emerged as a powerful tool to identify novel transcript/gene sequences in non-model plants like okra

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Not AvailableThe genetic divergence of 61 extant varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) was assessed by using principal component analysis (PCA). The variables considered in the multivariate analyses were morphological, phenological and grain traits. The correlation analysis revealed that a number of traits were directly associated with other traits regardless of plant type or architectural configuration of the whole plant. The first four components in the PC analysis with Eigen values >1 contributed 74.25% of the variability among genotypes evaluated. Across various PCs, each of the accessions contributed both vegetatively and reproductively and in some cases only one-sidedly, either reproductively or vegetatively. The study grouped the genotypes into seven clusters. Cluster I had maximum number of genotypes (17). The cluster VII had second highest number of genotypes (12), while cluster II, III, IV, V, VI contained nine, four, six, five and eight genotypes, respectively. The overall composition of the clustering pattern showed that genotypes collected from the same geographic origin were distributed in different clusters. A critical appraisal of the observations suggested that none of the clusters contained genotypes with all the desirable traits, which could be directly selected and utilized. Hence, depending on the per se performance of the best genotypes within the clusters, they may be directly used for adaptation or maybe used as parents in future breeding programs.Not Availabl

Incomplete fusion reactions: Analysis of excitation functions and recoil range distributions in 16^{16}O + 51^{51}V

Incomplete fusion reactions were investigated by measuring the excitation functions of nine evaporation residues in $^{16}$O + $^{51}$V reaction in the beam energy 4-6 MeV/amu, using the well-known recoil catcher technique and gamma-ray spectrometry. The experimental data were compared with that obtained from Monte Carlo simulation calculations using the PACE2 code. The results indicate the presence of incomplete fusion process in the production of two alpha emission products. This was further confirmed by the measurement of recoil range distribution of these isotopes at 96 MeV beam energy. Calculations of the average angular momentum associated with these products revealed the peripheral nature of these ICF reactions

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Not AvailableThe present investigation was carried out to evaluate the changes in oxidizable soil organic carbon (SOC), hydraulic properties and yield of both maize (Zea mays) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) under long–term fertilization during 34th cropping cycle. Six fertilizer treatments were selected for the present study. The soil samples were analyzed for oxidizable SOC, bulk density (BD), mean weight diameter (MWD), soil water retention at 33 and 1500 kPa, saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) at surface (0-15 cm) and sub– surface (15–30 cm) soil layers. The plant samples were analyzed for nutrient uptake at harvest. The results showed that N and NP fertilizer treatments maintained initial oxidizable SOC and soil physical condition in surface layer, and showed significantly higher values compared with control. However, significant reductions in yield and nutrient uptake by maize and wheat were observed in these treatments compared to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) applied plot, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulphur (NPKS) applied plot and NPK+ farmyard manure (FYM) treatment. The NPK + FYM application significantly increased oxidizable SOC, MWD and decreased BD compared to control plots and the initial values. Balanced application of plant nutrients through mineral fertilizers and FYM increased oxidizable SOC by 84 per cent and improved soil hydraulic properties, uptake and yield of both maize and wheat compared to control. Integrated use of NPK along with FYM was the best option for sustaining soil physical condition, enhancing nutrient uptake and ultimately crop productivity.Not Availabl

Energy spectra and angular distribution of projectile-like fragments in 84 MeV \chem{^{12}C +{} ^{169}Tm}

Kinetic-energy spectra and angular distribution of projectile-like fragments have been measured in the reaction of 84 MeV \chem{^{12}C} on \chem{^{169}Tm}, using the surface barrier silicon-based $\Delta E$-$E$ telescopes. The fragments close to the projectile show typical spectra of quasi-elastic transfer reactions, which were found to be in agreement with the calculations based on the direct surface transfer reaction model. A significant cross-section of fast alpha-particles was found at forward angles, reminiscent of incomplete fusion reactions, which could be explained in terms of the direct surface transfer reaction model after taking into account the level density of continuum states in the heavy reaction product. The results have been explained in terms of the continuous evolution of the reaction mechanism as a function of the mass transfer

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Not AvailableIn this study, a total of 20 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to study the genetic diversity and population structure among 60 accessions of eggplant. Out of 20 SSR markers, 15 were found to be polymorphic which were subjected to statistical analysis by Power Marker and NTSYSPc software. The polymorphic SSR markers generated 46 alleles with an average of 3.06 alleles per locus. The PIC value varied from 0.12 to 0.47. The marker emf21N03 was most informative with PIC value of 0.57. The UPGMA-based dendrogram classified all the accessions into two major clusters comprising cultivated accessions and wild progenitor in cluster I and other wild accessions in cluster II. The PCA plot separated the accessions into four quadrangles where unexploited wild accessions presented in second quadrant. Population structure analysis showed 6 sub- populations with 16 accessions in population I, 12 accessions in population II, 11 accessions in population III, 5 accessions in population IV, 12 accessions in population V and 4 in population VI. The subpopulation IV had all pure individuals. These findings will provide new insights in genetic resources conservation and exploitation of genetic diversity of eggplant germplasm in breeding programme.Not Availabl