Development of a diagnostic schedule for a defective LC-195V5 CNC Milling machine using PERT

Computer Numerical Control CNC machine tools usage are more and more extensive, its fault diagnosis research is becoming more essential. Failure forms accorded these machines are diversified, and fault reasons are very complicated. It should not be left unattended to, because this could lead to further deterioration. One of the parameters used in determining the efficiency of a technician (who repairs machine tools) is the time saved in locating faults, hence the development of a diagnostic schedule which shows the sequential means of troubleshooting within a possible shortest time. In this research two approaches were used to diagnose a defective LC-195V5 CNC milling machine. Forward Pass (FP), which involves the diagnosis from electrical parts through Computer (CNC) to mechanical component and Backward Pass (BP) which involves the diagnosis from computer component through electrical parts to mechanical parts. Three different trials were conducted for each of the mode of diagnosis and the time to diagnose each component part was recorded. Based on the interrelationship of the component parts, two separate PERT (Project Evaluation & Review Techniques) network diagrams were drawn and their Critical Paths were determined. The study reveals that Foward Pass method was able to save more time

Development of Broken Building Blocks Pulverizer for Recycling Process and Waste Control In Blocks Moulding Industries

A moulded broken blocks pulverizer of 0.5 tonne per hour was designed, fabricated, tested and evaluated for pulverizing moulded broken blocks for recycling process. The pulverizer was developed to pulverized both cement and clay moulded broken blocks having a power rating of 2 HP and its motor speed of 1420 rpm stepped down to 828 rpm. The sieve mesh used was 5 mm. this machine will assist in controlling and recycling broken blocks in block moulding industries. The design was made simple and cost of production cheap to be affordable by small, medium and large scale block molding industries. Its performance efficiency is 85

Development of a Software System for Selecting Steam Power Plant to Convert Municipal Solid Waste to Energy

A software system that enhances the selection of appropriate power plant capacity that will convert combustible municipal solid waste (MSW) into energy was developed. The aggregate of waste to be converted was determined and the corresponding heating value was established. The capacities of steam power plants’ components required for the conversion were determined, using thermodynamic mathematical models. An algorithm based on models used to determine the energy potential, the power potential of MSW, the capacities of the components of the steam power plant, were translated into computer soft code using Java programming language; saturated steam and superheated steam tables, together with the thermodynamic properties of the power plant required were incorporated into the soft code. About 584 tons of MSW having a heating value of 20 MJ/kg was the quantity of waste experimented for energy generation. This information was input into the software as data and was processed. Then, the software was able to predict 3245.54 MWh energy potential for the quantity of waste, and electrical power potential of 40.54 MW. The capacities of the steam power plant components that were predicted include 100.35 MW of boiler power, 40.54 MW of turbine power, and 59.80 MW of condenser power. The methodology adopted will make it easy for the managers in the waste-to-energy sector to appropriately select the suitable capacity of the required steam power plant that can convert any quantify of MSW at any geographical location, without going through the engineering calculation and stress or rigor involved in the plant capacity design. Moreover, the accuracy obtained for the software is greater than 99

Analysis of combustible municipal solid waste fractions as fuel for energy production exploring its physico-chemical and thermal characteristics

An investigation study on municipal solid waste generation and physicochemical characteristics of combustible fractions was carried out in Ilorin metropolis. This was driven by a need to meet energy demand and reduce the consequential effects of wastes for clean and green habits. Ilorin waste sector, requires detailed information on the physicochemical characteristics of the wastes fractions, to choose the appropriate method for waste management in the city. A240 litres bin volume of wastes was sampled 62 times within eight months at Lasoju dump-site. The conformity of the combustible wastes with the characteristics required of solid fuel was investigated. Manual sorting enables access to vital information about recovery and characteristics of waste components. Nine out of nineteen components characterized, were selected for Laboratory analyses. The results of the physical characterization, shows that 70% MSW generated is combustible. The proximate analysis reveals that the wastes contain more than 64% fixed carbon, 33 % volatile matter and 5 % of moisture content, while the ultimate analysis shows more than 29 % of carbon which can contribute to the calorific value of the MSW. Nitrogen is about 2.8 % and Sulphur about 0.2 %; the small average amount of Nitrogen and sulphur present, will cause reduction of emissions during combustion. The energy content of the MSW determined, using bomb calorimeter was about 20 MJ/kg. The results show that the MSW stream in Ilorin metropolis would serve as a reliable and sustainable renewable energy resource via combustion method

Impact of Physical and Chemical Properties of Municipal Solid Waste on its Electrical Power Rating Potential

Waste-to-energy (WTE) management method, has been considered as the best option; because, it reduces the quantity of waste generated by about 71 %, and ensure energy recovery for efficient waste management. In this study, physical, chemical and the heating properties of the waste components, generated in Ilorin were determined. The heating value was modelled against the physicochemical properties of MSW components to ascertain their correlation. The electrical power rating potential of the MSW was determined using Dulong‟s model. The regression model developed on the correlation analysis was used to predict the effect of the physicochemical properties on the heating value and the power generation potential. It was concluded that 1 % increase in fixed carbon and volatile matter, total carbon and Nitrogen content, increases electrical power rating by 8 %, 37 %, 21 % and 10.80 % respectively; while 1 % increase in moisture and hydrogen content, reduces the electrical power rating by 11 % and 69.3 % respectively

DEVELOPMENT OF PEDAL OPERATED HONEY EXTRACTOR

Bees are winged insects that produce honey by their activities with the nectar of flowers. The honey produced is sweet and are finding replacement for sugar nowadays. Honey bees live in hives where the honey combs being formed by the bees are being deposited. Various methods had been exploited in extracting this honey from the honey comb both traditionally and by different designs of extractors from the primitive to a modern one. Although the former design which was locally produced in Nigeria was hand driven which functions quite efficiently, however, there is need for new innovation that involved the introduction of pedaled mechanism. An existing honey extractor design was improved upon with the introduction of pedal mechanism as compared to the hand driven one with the aim of extracting the honey in the most hygienic way with the suitable materials required. The efficiency of the machine was estimated to be 85 per cent, which was compared to the former available designed one of 83 per cent efficiency. The cost analysis for the production of the machine was included in the work which was estimated to be #48750 (US$243.75)

An Algorithm of a Convectional Factory Electric Tray Dryer

An algorithm of a convectional factory tray dryer with performance evaluation on the functionality of the dryer was reported. This is required to reduce drying time of material as well as man-machine interface which can cause slow operation and contamination of the material been dried. The algorithm of the model was developed with an interface accorded with computer software (MATLAB) for its quick implementation. This algorithm was able to predict parameter values needed for dryer automation such as heating element diameter, heating chamber length, pumping power and flow rate of air. Result generated from the algorithm, was found to be of importance in fabrication of a convectional factory electric tray dryer. The algorithm was also validated by manually calculated parameter values. The results were found to be the same, this proved the effectiveness of the algorithm

Design Concepts Towards Electric Powered Gari Frying Machine

The most critical unit of operation while processing cassava into gari is the gari frying which occurs as a result of the simultaneous cooking and dehydrating the moisture content present by the application of heat. Traditional method had been established of frying gari, this has been exposing the fryer to various health disorders. This paper highlights the design concept of the electric gari frying machine which will help to alleviate these health disorders, by making gari frying appealing to the farmers. Gari frying should be done on hygienic principles with modern available technology therefore the frying process was analyzed; required components were identified and designed to specification. The required engineering drawings that will aid its production were produced as well as the projected production cost of the machine specification. The machine mode of operation was discussed and it can be concluded that the machine will be highly efficient and will ease the work of the farmers