Generic User Modeling Systems

This chapter reviews research results in the field of Generic User Modeling Systems. It describes the purposes of such systems, their services within user-adaptive systems, and the different design requirements for research prototypes and commercial deployments. It discusses the architectures that have been explored so far, namely shell systems that form part of the application, central server systems that communicate with several applications, and possible future agent-based user modeling systems. Major implemented research prototypes and commercial systems are briefly described

Two Decades of Brain Tumour Imaging with O-(2-[F-18]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine PET: The Forschungszentrum Julich Experience

Simple Summary PET using radiolabelled amino acids has become an essential tool for diagnosing brain tumours in addition to MRI. O-(2-[F-18]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (FET) is one of the most successful tracers in the field. We analysed our database of 6534 FET PET examinations regarding the diagnostic needs and preferences of the referring physicians for FET PET in the clinical decision-making process. The demand for FET PET increased considerably in the last decade, especially for differentiating tumour progress from treatment-related changes in gliomas. Accordingly, referring physicians rated the diagnostics of recurrent glioma and recurrent brain metastases as the most relevant indication for FET PET. The analysis and survey results confirm the high relevance of FET PET in the clinical diagnosis of brain tumours and support the need for approval for routine use. O-(2-[F-18]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (FET) is a widely used amino acid tracer for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of brain tumours. This retrospective study and survey aimed to analyse our extensive database regarding the development of FET PET investigations, indications, and the referring physicians' rating concerning the role of FET PET in the clinical decision-making process. Between 2006 and 2019, we performed 6534 FET PET scans on 3928 different patients against a backdrop of growing demand for FET PET. In 2019, indications for the use of FET PET were as follows: suspected recurrent glioma (46%), unclear brain lesions (20%), treatment monitoring (19%), and suspected recurrent brain metastasis (13%). The referring physicians were neurosurgeons (60%), neurologists (19%), radiation oncologists (11%), general oncologists (3%), and other physicians (7%). Most patients travelled 50 to 75 km, but 9% travelled more than 200 km. The role of FET PET in decision-making in clinical practice was evaluated by a questionnaire consisting of 30 questions, which was filled out by 23 referring physicians with long experience in FET PET. Fifty to seventy per cent rated FET PET as being important for different aspects of the assessment of newly diagnosed gliomas, including differential diagnosis, delineation of tumour extent for biopsy guidance, and treatment planning such as surgery or radiotherapy, 95% for the diagnosis of recurrent glioma, and 68% for the diagnosis of recurrent brain metastases. Approximately 50% of the referring physicians rated FET PET as necessary for treatment monitoring in patients with glioma or brain metastases. All referring physicians stated that the availability of FET PET is essential and that it should be approved for routine use. Although the present analysis is limited by the fact that only physicians who frequently referred patients for FET PET participated in the survey, the results confirm the high relevance of FET PET in the clinical diagnosis of brain tumours and support the need for its approval for routine use

L.: Semantic multimedia

Abstract. Multimedia constitutes an interesting field of application for Semantic Web and Semantic Web reasoning, as the access and management of multimedia content and context depends strongly on the semantic descriptions of both. At the same time, multimedia resources constitute complex objects, the descriptions of which are involved and require the foundation on sound modeling practice in order to represent findings of low- and high level multimedia analysis and to make them accessible via Semantic Web querying of resources. This tutorial aims to provide a red thread through these different issues and to give an outline of where Semantic Web modeling and reasoning needs to further contribute to the area of semantic multimedia for the fruitful interaction between these two fields of computer science. 1 Semantics for Multimedia Multimedia objects are ubiquitous, whether found via web search (e.g., Google 3 or Yahoo! 4 images), or via dedicated sites (e.g., Flickr 5 or YouTube 6)orinth