EFFICIENCY IN TAX SYSTEM: A STUDY OF TAX RESPONSIVENESS IN NORTH- EASTERN STATES

Demand for increased public expenditure due to enhanced political consciousness and implementation of investment programmes through mechanism(s) infected with diseconomies are the two important forces among several others to put increased pressure on the fiscal resources available within a state. Short-term measures undertaken by a Sate viz., dependence on federal transfers and resorting to overdraft evidently has their respective detrimental implications on fiscal health of the state. The remedial approach pervasively suggested by the contemporary fiscal strategists to tackle the ever-increasing fiscal gap moves towards attaining an appropriate degree of financial self reliance. Thus, the obvious solution of fiscal restructuring dwells on an in-depth understanding of the fiscal system of a state particularly on a temporal analysis of the indicators that throw light on the performance of a tax system in respect of two objectives: (i) siphoning off into the state exchequer the collection of revenue without endangering the incentive for private savings and investment and (ii) helping to release resources for private investment by reducing private consumption. While the indicators like the compound growth rate and marginal tax rates do not take in to account the taxable capacity, the tax ratio and the tax efforts measures generally fail to indicate the responsiveness of the tax structure to changes in state’s income over time. Thus the temporal analysis of tax responsiveness in terms of Elasticity and Buoyancy becomes imperative to have an evaluative insight into the effectiveness of a state’s tax system. The present study is an attempt in this regard by taking the States of North Eastern Region for the period 1963-64 to 2000-01. The study reveals that most of the States in the region have failed miserably in mobilizing resources to meet ever increasing public expenditures and thereby are suffering from dependency syndromes.Elasticity Buoyancy Tax Productivity

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Not AvailableGenome wide linkage disequilibrium (LD) was investigated in a set of 32 genotypes representing salt tolerant improved varieties and landraces and six salt sensitive genotypes of rice with 64 microsatellite markers to identify the genomic regions that are associated with salt tolerance in rice. Out of 64 markers analyzed, 36% SSR pairs exhibited significant LD at 0.05. A few regions were identified as targets of selection in 10 chromosomes with high r 2 values. The model-based groups from Bayesian clustering analysis are largely consistent with known pedigrees of the lines. The increased percentage of association of SSR loci in the improved varieties indicated the role of selection in linkage disequilibrium especially for salt tolerance. LD was extended as far as 100 cM in the present study. Most of the markers (43.8%) with significant LD values were observed in the genomic regions of reported QTL for salt tolerance in rice.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableIn order to restore declining trend of qualities of different soils of India, there has been emerging need for soil as well as land evaluation and land use planning. In fact, land evaluation is a pre-requisite for land use planning. This chapter is aimed at correlation of soil survey information, climate, vegetation and other aspects of land with the specific use for which land is evaluated. In this process, the suitability of the land is assessed and classified. Data set requirements for land evaluation are described in relation to Indian context. Updates of different land evaluation approaches like quantitative and qualitative approaches as adopted and practiced in India are briefly described with case studies. For second green revolution, India wants successful adoption of land evaluation and land use planning under strong vision, mission and overall goal. Being the foundation base of production functions, the mode for soil evaluation needs to be shifted in accordance with wide range of objectives. Scientific approaches in quantifying the land evaluation would ensure targeted production of the best suitable crop in a well defined land use planning system. There is further scope to link the land use planning system with supply chain process integrating the farming activities from point of origin i.e. soil and land to the point of consumption i.e. market. India wants prime land, and needs soil based efforts to alleviate poverty through profitable production on sustainable frameworks. Profitable production could be enhanced considerably to ensure even more than double of the farmer’s economic growth merely by improving the correctable limitations with a given land.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableIn order to restore declining trend of qualities of different soils of India, there has been emerging need for soil as well as land evaluation and land use planning. In fact, land evaluation is a pre-requisite for land use planning. This chapter is aimed at correlation of soil survey information, climate, vegetation and other aspects of land with the specific use for which land is evaluated. In this process, the suitability of the land is assessed and classified. Data set requirements for land evaluation are described in relation to Indian context. Updates of different land evaluation approaches like quantitative and qualitative approaches as adopted and practiced in India are briefly described with case studies. For second green revolution, India wants successful adoption of land evaluation and land use planning under strong vision, mission and overall goal. Being the foundation base of production functions, the mode for soil evaluation needs to be shifted in accordance with wide range of objectives. Scientific approaches in quantifying the land evaluation would ensure targeted production of the best suitable crop in a well defined land use planning system. There is further scope to link the land use planning system with supply chain process integrating the farming activities from point of origin i.e. soil and land to the point of consumption i.e. market. India wants prime land, and needs soil based efforts to alleviate poverty through profitable production on sustainable frameworks. Profitable production could be enhanced considerably to ensure even more than double of the farmer’s economic growth merely by improving the correctable limitations with a given land.Not Availabl