Allan Sandage and the Cosmic Expansion

This is an account of Allan Sandage's work on (1) The character of the expansion field. For many years he has been the strongest defender of an expanding Universe. He later explained the CMB dipole by a local velocity of 220 +/- 50 km/s toward the Virgo cluster and by a bulk motion of the Local supercluster (extending out to ~3500 km/s) of 450-500 km/s toward an apex at l=275, b=12. Allowing for these streaming velocities he found linear expansion to hold down to local scales (~300 km/s). (2) The calibration of the Hubble constant. Probing different methods he finally adopted - from Cepheid-calibrated SNe Ia and from independent RR Lyr-calibrated TRGBs - H_0 = 62.3 +/- 1.3 +/- 5.0 km/s/Mpc.Comment: 12 pages, 11 figures, 1 table, Submitted to Astrophysics and Space Science, Special Issue on the Fundamental Cosmic Distance Scale in the Gaia Er

A novel calibration strategy for laser ablation ICP-MS

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DXN019527 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Species differences in uptake and distribution of 18F

Mature rabbits, rats and hens were given intramuscular injections of F in isotonic saline and destroyed at intervals of 5, 20, 40 and 60 min. Blood, liver and kidneys samples were monitored for radioactivity. While radioactivity in the tissues of the rat and the hen diminished exponentially, quite different results were obtained with the rabbit: liver and kidney showed increasing radioactivity between 5 and 20 min and stabilized counts at 40 and 60 min; blood counts decreased between 5 and 40 min and then either reached a plateau or began to increase. The counts of subcellular fractions did not provide unequivocal explanations for these phenomena, although some preferential binding by rat mictochondria seemed to occur. There is abundant evidence that different animal species have a different tolerance to the toxic effects of fluoride (e.g. Harvey, 1953; Shupe et al., 1962; Shupe and Alther, 1966; Weber and Reid, 1969; Shearer, 1974) and there is some evidence that these differences in susceptibility are correlated with the ratios of bound F to free F in the blood (Patterson, Kruger, and Daley, 1977). It was considered desirable to examine in vivo the distribution of F in the blood, liver and kidney of several animal species which are known to display marked differences in susceptibility, viz., rabbit (sensitive), rat (moderately resistant) and chicken (very resistant)

Changes in structure of the bovine milk fat globule membrane on heating whole milk

The effects of heat-induced interactions between milk fat globule membrane components and skim milk proteins in whole milk on the structure of the membrane were examined by isopycnic sucrose density gradient centrifugation and by using Triton X-100 as a membrane probe. Skim milk components were incorporated into all the lipoprotein fractions separated by density gradient centrifugation. High density complexes, higher in density than those found in the natural milk fat globule mcmbranc, were formed during the heat treatment. Losses of natural membrane polypeptides from the medium and low density lipoproteins were observed on heating. Heating whole milk also altered the rate of release of membrane components by detergent, with decreases in protein released and an increase in phospholipid constituents released. Studies on washed cream indicated that some of the changes in the membrane on heating whole milk occurred due to thc heat treatment alone, independent of the interactions with skim milk proteins. Reproduced with permission from Cambridge University Press

Changes in structure of the bovine milk fat globule membrane on heating whole milk

The effects of heat-induced interactions between milk fat globule membrane components and skim milk proteins in whole milk on the structure of the membrane were examined by isopycnic sucrose density gradient centrifugation and by using Triton X-100 as a membrane probe. Skim milk components were incorporated into all the lipoprotein fractions separated by density gradient centrifugation. High density complexes, higher in density than those found in the natural milk fat globule mcmbranc, were formed during the heat treatment. Losses of natural membrane polypeptides from the medium and low density lipoproteins were observed on heating. Heating whole milk also altered the rate of release of membrane components by detergent, with decreases in protein released and an increase in phospholipid constituents released. Studies on washed cream indicated that some of the changes in the membrane on heating whole milk occurred due to thc heat treatment alone, independent of the interactions with skim milk proteins. Reproduced with permission from Cambridge University Press

Manipulation of the coronavirus genome using targeted recombination with interspecies chimeric coronaviruses

Targeted RNA recombination has proven to be a powerful tool for the genetic engineering of the coronavirus genome, particularly in its 3′ part. Here we describe procedures for the generation of recombinant and mutant mouse hepatitis virus and feline infectious peritonitis virus. Key to the two-step method is the efficient selection of recombinant viruses based on host cell switching. The first step consists of the preparation—using this selection principle—of an interspecies chimeric coronavirus. In this virus the ectodomain of the spike glycoprotein is replaced by that of a coronavirus with a different species tropism. In the second step this chimeric virus is used as the recipient for recombination with synthetic donor RNA carrying the original spike gene. Recombinant viruses are then isolated on the basis of their regained natural (e.g., murine or feline) cell tropism. Additional mutations created in the donor RNA can be co-incorporated into the recombinant virus in order to generate mutant viruses

Manipulation of the coronavirus genome using targeted recombination with interspecies chimeric coronaviruses

Targeted RNA recombination has proven to be a powerful tool for the genetic engineering of the coronavirus genome, particularly in its 3′ part. Here we describe procedures for the generation of recombinant and mutant mouse hepatitis virus and feline infectious peritonitis virus. Key to the two-step method is the efficient selection of recombinant viruses based on host cell switching. The first step consists of the preparation—using this selection principle—of an interspecies chimeric coronavirus. In this virus the ectodomain of the spike glycoprotein is replaced by that of a coronavirus with a different species tropism. In the second step this chimeric virus is used as the recipient for recombination with synthetic donor RNA carrying the original spike gene. Recombinant viruses are then isolated on the basis of their regained natural (e.g., murine or feline) cell tropism. Additional mutations created in the donor RNA can be co-incorporated into the recombinant virus in order to generate mutant viruses

Performance characterization of influent and effluent treatment systems: A case study at Craig Brook National Fish Hatchery

AbstractThis study characterizes the performance of influent and effluent disinfection systems at Craig Brook National Fish Hatchery, a U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Atlantic salmon Salmo salar restoration facility in East Orland, ME. Influent treatment of the hatchery's water supply limits fish exposure to pathogens and protects the hatchery's goal to recover endangered Atlantic salmon. Disinfection treatment of effluent from the hatchery's wild fish receiving building ensures containment of pathogens that could be transferred to the facility with young fish captured from native rivers and protects the downstream hatchery watershed area. Evaluation of the influent treatment system consisted of assessing the effectiveness of the sand filtration and ultraviolet (UV) disinfection equipment, which are used to treat the water supply for the entire hatchery. Evaluation of the effluent treatment system examined the effectiveness of microscreen filtration and UV equipment that are used to disinfect effluent from the hatchery's wild fish-receiving building. Water samples were collected every 2 weeks for a 6-month period. The evaluation of both treatment systems indicates effective solids removal and total heterotrophic bacteria inactivation (2–4log10 reductions). No disease issues attributable to the hatchery's water supply have occurred during operation of its influent disinfection system, enabling the USFWS continued success with its restoration programs