Physical Processes in Star Formation

© 2020 Springer-Verlag. The final publication is available at Springer via https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-020-00693-8.Star formation is a complex multi-scale phenomenon that is of significant importance for astrophysics in general. Stars and star formation are key pillars in observational astronomy from local star forming regions in the Milky Way up to high-redshift galaxies. From a theoretical perspective, star formation and feedback processes (radiation, winds, and supernovae) play a pivotal role in advancing our understanding of the physical processes at work, both individually and of their interactions. In this review we will give an overview of the main processes that are important for the understanding of star formation. We start with an observationally motivated view on star formation from a global perspective and outline the general paradigm of the life-cycle of molecular clouds, in which star formation is the key process to close the cycle. After that we focus on the thermal and chemical aspects in star forming regions, discuss turbulence and magnetic fields as well as gravitational forces. Finally, we review the most important stellar feedback mechanisms.Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio

Search for jet extinction in the inclusive jet-pT spectrum from proton-proton collisions at s=8 TeV

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published articles title, journal citation, and DOI.The first search at the LHC for the extinction of QCD jet production is presented, using data collected with the CMS detector corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 10.7  fb−1 of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. The extinction model studied in this analysis is motivated by the search for signatures of strong gravity at the TeV scale (terascale gravity) and assumes the existence of string couplings in the strong-coupling limit. In this limit, the string model predicts the suppression of all high-transverse-momentum standard model processes, including jet production, beyond a certain energy scale. To test this prediction, the measured transverse-momentum spectrum is compared to the theoretical prediction of the standard model. No significant deficit of events is found at high transverse momentum. A 95% confidence level lower limit of 3.3 TeV is set on the extinction mass scale

Searches for electroweak neutralino and chargino production in channels with Higgs, Z, and W bosons in pp collisions at 8 TeV

Searches for supersymmetry (SUSY) are presented based on the electroweak pair production of neutralinos and charginos, leading to decay channels with Higgs, Z, and W bosons and undetected lightest SUSY particles (LSPs). The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of about 19.5 fb(-1) of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV collected in 2012 with the CMS detector at the LHC. The main emphasis is neutralino pair production in which each neutralino decays either to a Higgs boson (h) and an LSP or to a Z boson and an LSP, leading to hh, hZ, and ZZ states with missing transverse energy (E-T(miss)). A second aspect is chargino-neutralino pair production, leading to hW states with E-T(miss). The decays of a Higgs boson to a bottom-quark pair, to a photon pair, and to final states with leptons are considered in conjunction with hadronic and leptonic decay modes of the Z and W bosons. No evidence is found for supersymmetric particles, and 95% confidence level upper limits are evaluated for the respective pair production cross sections and for neutralino and chargino mass values

IMMUNOPROPHYLAXIS OF PEDIATRIC INFECTIONS: RESULTS AND PROSPECTS.

Vaccination is the easiest and economically effective means of control of infectious diseases in all social population groups of industrial and developing countries. The implementation of the who conception of comprehensive immunization program adopted in 1974 has brought about a significant decrease of the main pediatric infections incidence. While formerly mass immunization was aimed at the decrease of pediatric morbidity and mortality caused by infections, nowadays immunoprophylaxis is mainly aimed at the maintenance of the achieved beneficial epidemiological situation. It necessitates the continuation of mass vaccination of not less than 95% of children during their first years of life as well as the establishment of partner relations with parents and mass media.Key words: immunoprophylaxis, pediatric infectious diseases

THE FORECAST OF DEVELOPMENT OF VACCINOPROFILAXIS IN THE FIRST DECADES OF THE XXI-ST CENTURY

(Педиатрическая фармакология. – 2009; 6(5):96-106

ИММУНОПРОФИЛАКТИКА ДЕТСКИХ ИНФЕКЦИЙ: ИТОГИ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ

Vaccination is the easiest and economically effective means of control of infectious diseases in all social population groups of industrial and developing countries. The implementation of the who conception of comprehensive immunization program adopted in 1974 has brought about a significant decrease of the main pediatric infections incidence. While formerly mass immunization was aimed at the decrease of pediatric morbidity and mortality caused by infections, nowadays immunoprophylaxis is mainly aimed at the maintenance of the achieved beneficial epidemiological situation. It necessitates the continuation of mass vaccination of not less than 95% of children during their first years of life as well as the establishment of partner relations with parents and mass media.Key words: immunoprophylaxis, pediatric infectious diseases.Вакцинопрофилактика – наиболее доступное и экономически эффективное средство контроля за инфекционными заболеваниями во всех социальных группах населения развитых и развивающихся стран. Реализация принятой в 1974 г. всемирной организацией здравоохранения концепции расширенной программы иммунизации позволила достичь определённых успехов, в частности значительного снижения заболеваемости основными детскими инфекциями. Поэтому, если в прошлом целью массовой вакцинации было снижение заболеваемости детскими инфекциями и уменьшение обусловленной ими смертности, то в настоящее время главной задачей иммунопрофилактики является поддержание и сохранение достигнутого эпидемического благополучия. для этого необходимо продолжение массовой вакцинации с охватом не менее 95% детей первых лет жизни, а также установление партнёрских отношений с родителями и средствами массовой информации. Ключевые слова: вакцинопрофилактика, детские инфекционные болезни.(Педиатрическая фармакология. – 2006; 3(1): 41-44

ПРОГНОЗ РАЗВИТИЯ ВАКЦИНОПРОФИЛАКТИКИ В ПЕРВЫЕ ДЕСЯТИЛЕТИЯ XXI ВЕКА

(Педиатрическая фармакология. – 2009; 6(5):96-106