Factors Associated with Revision Surgery after Internal Fixation of Hip Fractures

Background: Femoral neck fractures are associated with high rates of revision surgery after management with internal fixation. Using data from the Fixation using Alternative Implants for the Treatment of Hip fractures (FAITH) trial evaluating methods of internal fixation in patients with femoral neck fractures, we investigated associations between baseline and surgical factors and the need for revision surgery to promote healing, relieve pain, treat infection or improve function over 24 months postsurgery. Additionally, we investigated factors associated with (1) hardware removal and (2) implant exchange from cancellous screws (CS) or sliding hip screw (SHS) to total hip arthroplasty, hemiarthroplasty, or another internal fixation device. Methods: We identified 15 potential factors a priori that may be associated with revision surgery, 7 with hardware removal, and 14 with implant exchange. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards analyses in our investigation. Results: Factors associated with increased risk of revision surgery included: female sex, [hazard ratio (HR) 1.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25-2.50; P = 0.001], higher body mass index (fo

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Not AvailableNot AvailableIndian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR

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Not AvailableAn attempt was made to estimate the geomorphological degradation due to sedimentation ofSarda Sagar reservoir, located in Pilibhit and Udhamsingh Nagar, district of Uttar Pradash and Uttarakhand respectively. The study was conducted using multidated IRS LIISS III remote sensing data for the year 2006¬2007. Using satellite images of different seasons during 2006¬2007, a total of 45.23 million m3 volume of sedimentation was computed in ¬between the 183.704 m and 190.504m elevation. The reservoir has lost 11.72 % of the total capacity of water storage and an average rate of sedimentation was calculated as 0.26 % per year. Due to this sedimentation the new feeder channel of Sarda Sagar is choked with silt and the water flow from this channel has almost stopped. The morphology of the reservoir has been changed due to sedimentation during the period 1962 to2007. This has altered breeding ground of fishes since important indigenous fish species which need flowing water condition to perform the breeding. This study would be helpful for the planners to manage the reservoir and to assess the biological productivity.ICA

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Not AvailableAn attempt was made to estimate the geomorphological degradation due to sedimentation of Sarda Sagar reservoir, located in Pilibhit and Udhamsingh Nagar, district of Uttar Pradash and Uttarakhand respectively. The study was conducted using multidated IRS LIISS III remote sensing data for the year 2006­2007. Using satellite images of different seasons during 2006­2007, a total of 45.23 million m3 volume of sedimentation was computed in­between the 183.704 m and 190.504 m elevation. The reservoir has lost 11.72 % of the total capacity of water storage and an average rate of sedimentation was calculated as 0.26 % per year. Due to this sedimentation the new feeder channel of Sarda Sagar is choked with silt and the water flow from this channel has almost stopped. The morphology of the reservoir has been changed due to sedimentation during the period 1962 to 2007. This has altered breeding ground of fishes since important indigenous fish species which need flowing water condition to perform the breeding. This study would be helpful for the planners to manage the reservoir and to assess the biological productivityNot Availabl

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Not AvailablePresent study was carried out on Sarda Sagar reservoir to know the productivity level with in the reservoir in terms of fish production based on physico-chemical parameters of water using remote sensing data. The reservoir has an average water spread area of 4590 hectares, which was computed through remote sensing data of satellite IRS- IC LISS III for the year 2006-2007. Thematic maps of distribution of individual physicochemical parameter of water were prepared using interpolation technique. Criteria based modeling was carried out for optimum range of physico-chemical properties of water those are related to the productivity, decided by the several workers. The modeling intern output of the productive zone an area of 2481 hectare (54%) falls in medium productive and 2109 hectare (46%) of area was found as high productive zone in the reservoir. Considering the level of productivity of reservoir in terms of fish was computed that was almost equal to the present fish production from the reservoir. The study may open the avenues of measuring productivity of the reservoirs for their judicious utilization of fishery resources in the Indian reservoirs.Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR

Improved laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis – the Indian experience

Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death worldwide attributable to a single infectious disease agent. India has more new TB cases annually than any other country. In 2008, India accounted for a fifth of the estimated 9.4 million TB cases globally. There is an overwhelming need for improving TB diagnostics in India through the use of cost effective, patient-friendly methods appropriate to different tiers of the country health system. Substantial progress has been made in India in the field of TB diagnosis and serious efforts have been made to herald the development of diagnostic tests for pulmonary TB, extra pulmonary TB and MDR-TB. Diverse approaches have been attempted towards improving smear microscopy, rapid culture and for differentiation between the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and non-tuberculous mycobacteria. Several laboratories have developed in-house PCR assays for diagnosing TB with high accuracy. Approaches for distinguishing M. tuberculosis and/or Mycobacterium bovis infection and disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection in HIV-AIDS patients have also been described. Serological tests to detect antigens or antibodies to M. tuberculosis specific components by using cocktails of Excretory/Secretory protein antigens, Ag85 complex antigens, Hsp 65 antigen, RD1 antigens and Rapid Reverse Line Blot Hybridization assays to detect MDR-TB (mutations to rifampicin, isoniazid and streptomycin) have also been developed. Other methods like measurement of adenosine deaminase activity and use of luciferase reporter phages have also been explored for TB diagnosis. These advances in the Indian context are detailed in the present chapter. The validation and application of these methods in laboratory and public health settings is likely to result in improved TB diagnosis and contribute to effective disease management in India