369 research outputs found
Limits of structure stability of simple liquids revealed by study of relative fluctuations
We analyse the inverse reduced fluctuations (inverse ratio of relative volume
fluctuation to its value in the hypothetical case where the substance acts an
ideal gas for the same temperature-volume parameters) for simple liquids from
experimental acoustic and thermophysical data along a coexistence line for both
liquid and vapour phases. It has been determined that this quantity has a
universal exponential character within the region close to the melting point.
This behaviour satisfies the predictions of the mean-field (grand canonical
ensemble) lattice fluid model and relates to the constant average structure of
a fluid, i.e. redistribution of the free volume complementary to a number of
vapour particles. The interconnection between experiment-based fluctuational
parameters and self-diffusion characteristics is discussed. These results may
suggest experimental methods for determination of self-diffusion and structural
properties of real substances.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Collective behavior of bulk nanobubbles produced by alternating polarity electrolysis
Nanobubbles in liquids are mysterious gaseous objects having exceptional
stability. They promise a wide range of applications but their production is
not well controlled and localized. Alternating polarity electrolysis of water
is a tool that can control production of bulk nanobubbles in space and time
without generating larger bubbles. Using the schlieren technique a detailed
three-dimensional structure of a dense cloud of nanobubbles above the
electrodes is visualized. It is demonstrated that the thermal effects produce
different schlieren pattern and have different dynamics. A localized volume
enriched with nanobubbles can be separated from the parent cloud and exists on
its own. This volume demonstrates buoyancy from which the concentration of
nanobubbles is estimated as 2x10^18 m^-3. This concentration is smaller than
that in the parent cloud. Dynamic light scattering shows that the average size
of nanobubbles during the process is 60-80 nm. The bubbles are observed 15
minutes after switching off the electrical pulses but their size is shifted to
larger values of about 250 nm. Thus, an efficient way to generate and control
nanobubbles is proposed.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures, Supplemental, 3 video file
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