Evaluation of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Status in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease in Rural Populations of the Nilgiris, South India

Objective. The objective of this work was to study the risk factors of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in rural populations of the Nilgiris, south India, with stress on the various social habits and oxidant stress. Methods. A total of 72 patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 12 healthy volunteers were screened. Forty-seven patients with CVD (intervention group) and 10 healthy volunteers (control group) were randomly selected for the study. Written informed consent was obtained from all the participants, and their demographic details were collected. A 6 mL blood sample was collected from each of the participants, and the serum was separated in the samples. The levels of enzymic (superoxide dismutase, catalase) and nonenzymic antioxidants (ascorbic acid) in the plasma were determined biochemically. The level of thiobarbituric acid species (TBARS), which is a predictor of lipid peroxidation, was measured. Results. The participants of the study were stratified as according to demographic and social variables. The values of all the antioxidants and TBARS were statistically compared. Significantly reduced antioxidant levels and increased TBARS levels were found in the intervention group compared with the control group. The results suggest that the lowered antioxidant level may be a result of the oxidant stress of the disease. Statistically significant differences were not found in the antioxidant and TBARS levels when comparing smokers versus nonsmokers, alcoholics versus nonalcoholics, and vegetarians versus nonvegetarians. Conclusion. The major causes of CVD amongst the rural populations of the Nilgiris, south India, are preventable causes such as smoking and high fat intake, all of which cause oxidative stress, as seen in our study through various serum markers

The Effective Quantitative Analysis for Brain Tumor Diagnosis Using an Efficient Deep Learning Algorithm

In the medical field, imaging analysis is the hottest topic. It has attracted many researchers to accurately analyses the disease severity and predict the outcome. However, if the trained images are more complex, the noise pruning results have decreased, which has tended to gain less prediction exactness score. So, a novel Chimp-based Boosting Multilayer Perceptron (CbBMP) prediction framework has been built in this present study. Moreover, the objective of this study is brain tumor prediction and severity analysis from the MRI brain images. The boosting function is employed to earn the most acceptable error pruning outcome. Henceforth, the feature analysis and the tumor prediction process were executed accurately with the help chimp solution function. The planned framework is tested in the MATLAB environment, and the prediction improvement score is analyzed by performing a comparative analysis. A novel CbBMP model has recorded the finest tumor forecasting rate

Association of Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Markers with Metabolic Syndrome in Asian Indians in India

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is associated with a proinflammatory state. Here, we assessed the contribution of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers towards prediction of MetS. A total of 2316 individuals were recruited in Phase I of the Indian Atherosclerosis Research Study (IARS). Modified ATPIII guidelines were used for classification of subjects with MetS. Among the inflammatory and oxidative stress markers studied, levels of hsCRP (P < .0001), Neopterin (P = .036), and oxLDL (P < .0001) were significantly higher among subjects with MetS. Among the markers we tested, oxLDL stood out as a robust predictor of MetS in the IARS population (OR 4.956 95% CI 2.504–9.810; P < .0001) followed by hsCRP (OR 1.324 95% CI 1.070–1.638; P = .010). In conclusion, oxLDL is a candidate predictor for MetS in the Asian Indian population

Inheritance and Allelic Relationship among Downy Mildew Resistance Genes in Pearl Millet

Pearl millet downy mildew (DM), caused by Sclerospora graminicola is of serious economic concern to pearl millet farmers in the major crop growing areas of the world. To study the inheritance and allelic relationship among genes governing resistance to this disease, three DM resistant pearl millet lines (834B, IP 18294-P1 and IP 18298-P1) and one susceptible line (81B) were selected on the basis of disease reaction under greenhouse conditions against two isolates of S. graminicola (Sg 526-1 and Sg 542-1). Three resistant parents were crossed with the susceptible parent to generate F1s, F2s and backcrosses BC1P1 (susceptible parent × F1) and BC1P2 (resistant parent × F1) for inheritance study. To carry out test for allelism, the three resistant parents were crossed with each other to generate F1s and F2s. The different generations of these crosses were screened for disease reaction against two isolates Sg 526-1 and Sg 542-1 by artificial inoculation under greenhouse conditions. The segregation pattern of resistance in the F2s, and corresponding backcross generations revealed that resistance to DM is controlled by a single dominant gene in 834B and IP 18294-P1, and by two dominant genes in IP 18298-P1. Test for allelism inferred that single dominant gene for resistance in 834B is non-allelic to that governs resistance in IP 18294-1; whereas one of the two dominant genes for DM resistance in IP 18298-P1 against the test isolates is allelic to gene for DM resistance in 834B and second gene is allelic to the resistance gene present in IP 18294-P1

REVIEW ON EVALUATING THE ROLE OF NSAIDS FOR THE TREATMENT OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

Recently, several studies have been reported that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can fight against neurodegenerative disorders by various mechanisms. Currently, available therapies of neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) provide only symptomatic relief. This is the point at which we need an alternative that acts on the root cause of disease. Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease are the two NDs concentrated here. Since the drug profile is already known, drug repurposing is a promising technique in research, thereby reducing the cost and period effectively. Epidemiological studies on various nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) showed good results, but when it came to clinical studies the results are found to be poor. Hence, it can be concluded that NSAIDs provide its neuroprotective activity on its long-term use only, as the brain accessibility of this kind of drug is poor due to its lower lipophilicity

Histomorphological stratification of stromal types associated with canine mammary tumours

Cancer associated stroma (CAS) consists mainly of a cellular fraction comprising fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, inflammatory cells, immune cells, endothelial cells, adipocytes and extracellular matrix (ECM). Recent reports have shown that the cancer stroma including the cellular fraction and ECM undergo considerable reprogramming during the process of tumourigenesis. Though there are some studies on CAS of human breast cancers (HBCs), similar studies are very much limited in canine mammary tumours. Hence, the present study was undertaken to classify the stromal types associated with malignant canine mammary tumours(CMTs). The excisional biopsy samples from 50 numbers of CMTs presented to Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University hospitals at Mannuthy and Kokkalai during the period from November 2019 to December 2021 formed the study material. Histopathological stratification of cancer stroma was done using qualitative evaluation based on the stromal characteristics suggested for HBCs. Accordingly the cancer associated stroma in different tumour samples were classified as fibrotic stroma, inflammatory stroma and mixed stroma. Fibrotic stroma was further classified as mature/ sclerotic, intermediate and immature/desmoplastic types. The grade of tumours in relation to the type of stroma was also analysed and it was identified that with the exception of sclerotic stroma, all other stromal types could be observed in higher grades of CMTs. Desmoplastic and inflammatory stroma were predominantly seen associated with Grade II and Grade III tumours

Desmoplastic reactions associated with malignant canine mammary tumours

Desmoplastic reactions or desmoplasia, characterised by proliferation of fibrotic connective tissue around tumour cells, have been described as a prognostic indicator of malignancy in human breast cancers. Desmoplasia ultimately results in deposition of collagen that shows significant differences in its density and orientation at different stages of tumourigenesis. The different collagen patterns associated with tumours are referred to as tumour associated collagen signatures (TACS) and are identified as hallmarks in human tumourigenesis. The present study was aimed to demonstrate the presence of TACS in canine mammary tumours (CMTs). The desmoplastic reactions and collagen deposition occurring in association with CMTs were analysed using routine histopathological, special staining and scanning electron microscopy techniques. Thirty excisional biopsy samples collected from malignant CMTs were utilised for studying the progression of desmoplastic reactions occurring in the tumour associated stroma