ABO,MN, Rh Blood Groups, Hp Types and Hp Level, Gm(l) Factor Investigations on the Gypsy Population of Hungary

Blood and serum group examinations were made on Hungarian Gypsies. The systems examined were: A1A.,BO,MN, Bh(C,Cw,c,D,E,e), haptoglobin and Gm( 1) factor. The tests were done on 507-600 persons. In the dif­ferent systems examined the phenotype and gene frequency values were the following. A,A.,BO system: Aj = 30.83%, = 3.50%, A = 34.33%, B =28.00%, A,B = 9.42%, A2B = 1.24%, AB = 10.66%; Gene frequencies: p, = 0.2308, p2 = 0.0327,\u27p = 0.2635, q = 0.2169, r = 0.5196. M-N sys­tem: M = 30.97%, MN = 49.81%, N = 19.22%; Gene frequency for M = 0.5588. Rh system: Hh phenotypes eeddee = 9.66%, CcDee -f- CcDDee = 37.47%, Ccddee = 0.60%, CGDdee + CCDDee = 39.84%, ccDee + ccDDee = 0.40%, CeDEe = 8.48%, ccDEe + ccDEE = 3.55%, CCDEe = 0.00%, Rh(D) negativity = 10.26%, Cw positivity = 1.6%. Hp system: Hp 1-1 = 5.77%, Hp 2-2 = 64.61%, Hp 2-1 = 29.23%, Hp 0-0 = 0.39%; Gene frequency for Hp1 = 0.20389. Serum Hp level (mean value) = 123.0 1 mg%. The mean values of the different Hp types: Hp 1-1 = 155.0 mg%, Hp 2-1 = 132.0 mg%, Hp 2-2 = 112.0 mg%. Gm (1) factor: frequency of the factor Gm( 1 )= 61.91%, gene frequency for Gm1 + 12 = 0.3763. Comparison of the authors results with those of blood and serum group ex­aminations performed on Indian (Pakistani) populations show that the phenotype and gene frequency values of Hungarian Gypsies are similar to those of North- and especially North West Indian (Pakistani) populations. On that basis the authors consider their results as evidence of the North Indian origin of European Gypsies

Post-millennial local whiteness: racialism, white dis/advantage and the denial of racism

In the tumultuous early 21st century, vigorous appeals to whiteness in Britain are largely attributed to populist ethno-nationalism. This article offers a complementary critical account focusing on the use of ‘racialism’ as a purportedly non-invidious theoretical framework for describing racial differences and resultant societal impacts. Drawing on recent examples, especially the work of David Goodhart and Eric Kaufmann, I consider the deployment of racialism to characterise a benign white ethno-racial communalism based on ‘self-interest’ and a positive preference for ‘co-ethnics’ sharing common values. I suggest that racialist local whiteness is used to pursue two repudiatory projects: first, politically weakening black, Asian and minority ethnic groups by constituting white disadvantage; and second, disarming accounts of pervasive and systemic racism by naturalising racial stratification. Ultimately, I argue that an understanding of racialist local whiteness guards against the racial reification of populist nationalism and illuminates the deeper entrenchment of racism