Plućna funkcija u radnika s azbestozom

Pulmonary function testing was done in 19 female and 13 male patients suffering from pulmonary asbestosis. Restrictive disturbance of pulmonary function (VC 80%) nađen je u 38,51 % muškaraca i 52,4 žena. Smanjenje ekspiratornog protoka (FEF50 < 60% i FEF25 < 50 %) bilo je prisutno u 53% muškaraca i 43,8% žena s normalnim vrijednostima VC i FEV1 %

Airborne dust levels in an asbestos plant using chrysotile: results of simultaneous measurements with four methods

U dva navrata, zimi i ljeti, u fabrici koja izrađuje tekstilne i frikcione proizvode od azbesta (hrizotil) izvršeno je mjerenje koncentracije prašine u vazduhu radne sredine sa dvije granulometrijske (koniometar i termoprecipitator) i dvije gravimetrijske metode (Stapex pumpa i SPG-210). Nađene vrijednosti parametara zaprašenosti prelaze važeće MDK (JUS) u svim odjeljenjima fabrike izuzev tkačnice. Broj vlakana (dužina veća od 5 i dijametar manji od 3 mikrometra) i broj čestica u jedinici vazduha određivanih termoprecipitatorom i koniometrom značajno korelira. Takođe, značajno korelira broj vlakana i broj čestica u jedinici vazduha unutar mjerenja sa termoprecipitatorom i koniometrom. Nađena značajna korelacija odnosi se samo na tekstilni pogon. Procjena, za date izvore prašine i tip azbesta, na osnovu jednačina regresije se grubo može iskazati sa četiri odnosa: (1) 7 vlakana/ccm (TP) = 5 vlakana/ccm (K), (2) 550 čestica/ccm (TP) = 450 čestica/ccm (K), (3) S vlakana/ccm (TP) = 200 čestica/ccm (TP) (4) 5 vlakana/ccm (K) = 280 čestica/ccm (K). Gravimetrijska mjerenja azbestne prašine u vazduhu zahtijevaju dalju evaluaciju u našim uslovima.Airborne dust levels were measured in a plant manufacturing textile and friction asbestos products in summer and in winter. Measurements were performed with four methods: two granulometric (koniometer (K) and thermal precipitator (TP) and two gravimetric (Stapex and SPG-210) ones. the number of fibres (5 µ.m), the number of particles down to the limit of detectability and two aerodynamic particle size fractions, respirable and coarse, in the dust mass, were determined. Granulometric measurements showed a statistically significant correlation between fibres and particles for samples of air from asbestos-textile departments. The relations based on linear regression equations could be expressed roughly as: - 550 particles/ecru (TP) = 450 particles/ccm (K) - 7 fibres/ccm (TP) = 5 fibres/ccm (K) - 5 fibres/ccm (TP) = 200 particles/ccm (TP) and - 5 fibres/ccm (K) = 280 particles/ccm (K) The results of gravimetric measurements of airborne asbestos dust need to be further evaluated

Absenteeism among asbestos-textile workers

Analizirana je odsutnost sa posla u četvorogodišnjem periodu 1980-1983. g. kod proizvodnih radnika pogona vlačare, predionice i pletionice azbestne-tekstilne fabrike. U ovim pogonima utvrđene su visoke koncentracije ukupne prašine, kao i veliki broj azbestnih vlakana, koje znatno prelaze dozvoljene norme. Svi parametri apsentizma među ispitivanim -radnicima pokazuju visoke vrednosti, znatno više od onih u kontrolnoj grupi. Stopa bolovanja najveća je zbog oboljenja disajnog sistema i kreće se od 99,0 do 117,4 u analiziranim grupama radnika prema 22,9 u kontrolnoj grupi. U strukturi izgubljenih radnih dana takođe je najveće učešće oboljenja respiratornog sistema i kreće se od 22,5%, do 52,5%, prema 26,5% u kontrolnoj grupi. Osim medicinskih, razmatrani su i neki paramedicinski i faktori iz radne sredine koji utiču na odsutnost sa posla.Sick leaves were analysed over a period of four years (1980-1983) among the workers from the spinning, carding and knitting mills of an asbestos-textile factory. In these mills high concentrations (much over MAC values) of overall airborne dust and chrysotile particles were established. The highest absenteeism rates among the exposed workers referred to respiratory diseases -99.0-117.4 as compared to 22.9 in the control group. The prevalence of day-leave from work was also highest for respiratory diseases and ranged from 22.5 to 52.5% among the exposed workers compared to 26.5% among the controls

The prevalence of asbestosis among asbestos textile workers

U ciljanoj epidemiološkoj studiji ispitana su 204 radnika (90,5% od planiranih 225) koji rade na preradi azbesta u fabrici azbestna-tekstilnih proizvoda. Pored upitnika za respiratorne bolesti i fizikalnog pregleda urađeni su i PA radiografija pluća, ispitivanje funkcije ventilacije pluća (VC, FEV1, krivulja ekspirijumskog protoka), laboratorijske pretrage krvi i urina, mikroskopski pregled sputuma i dr. Proizvodni radnici (grupa A) su starosti 35,0 ± 5,0 i trajanja ekspozicije 9,3 ± 5,0, a nadzorno-tehničko i pomoćno osoblje (grupa B) 36,5 ± 8,0 i trajanja ekspozicije 9,2 ± 6,0 godina. Kod 12 radnika grupe A (8,0%) nađena su mala nepravilna zasjenčenja kategorije gustine 1/0 i više čiji je uzrast 37,0 ± 7,5 i trajanje ekspozicije 13,4 ± 6,3 godine. Kod grupe B ista su nađena u 5 radnika (9,25%), starosti 43,8 ± 7,1 i trajanja ekspozicije 19,6 ± 5,3 godine. Od 17 slučajeva sa radiografskorn azbestozom njih 15 (88,2%) ima pleuralna zadebljanja (pt), 12 (70,6 %) hroničnu afekciju gornjih disajnih puteva, 9 (52,9%) hronični bronhitis i 7 (41,2%) poremećaj funkcije ventilacije pluća. Nađena prevalencija malih nepravilnih zasjenčenja (radiografske azbestoze) predstavlja dvogodišnju incidenciju u ispitivanoj populaciji radnika.In an epidemiological study 204 workers (90.5%) out of the 225 employed in an asbestos textile plant, using chrysotile, were examined. The study included a physical examination, a questionnaire on respiratory diseases, chest radiography, lung function tests (VC, FEV, expiratory flow curve), laboratory tests and microscope sputum citology. The production workers (group A) were 33.0 ± 5.0 years old with an exposure of 9.3 ± 5.0 years and the assistant, technical and supervisory personnel (group B) was aged 36.5 ± 6.3 years with duration of exposure of 9.2 ± 6.0 years. In 12 workers (8.0%) from group A, average age 37.0±7.5 years and average duration of exposure 13.4±6.3 years, and in five persons (9.2%) from group B, average age 43.8±7.1 years and duration of exposure 19.6 ± 5.3 years, small irregular opacities were found. Among these 17 persons with a radiographic diagnosis of asbestosis 15 (88.2%) had pleural thickenings, 12 (70.6%) had chronic affection of the upper airways, 9 (52.9%) had chronic bronchitis and 7 (41.2%) had disorders of ventilatory lung function. The established prevalence of small irregular opacities in the examined population of workers represents a two-year incidence

Neke karakteristike humoralnog imuniteta kod bivših radnika industrije azbesta

A study was performed in a group of ex-chrysotile-asbestos- workers who had been exposed to asbestos for more than 10 years, and had an interval of more than 20 years since their first exposure. According to radiographic lung findings, two subgroups were formed, one with radiographic asbestosis (N = 12) and the other without it (N = 19). The following parameters were determined and compared with those of control group: serum protein fractions (electrophoresis), immunoglobulins (radioimmunodiffusion), rheumatoid factor (Waaler-Rose) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (Westergren). In workers with asbestosis the mean values of total proteins and all globulin fractions were significantly higher. In the ones without asbestosis significantly higher mean values were those of total proteins, and of alpha-I-globulin and gamma- globulin fractions. No significant differences were found between individuals with asbestosis and those without it in terms of mean immunoglobulin values (IgA, IgM and IgG), but those were significantly higher in both subgroups than in controls. All mean values of serum proteins and immunoglobulins for the group of ex-workers and the control group were within the range of normal values. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate in workers with asbestosis (X̄ = 37.0 mm/h) was higher than in workers without it (̄X̄ = 26.1 mm/h) or among the controls (X̄ = 7.72 mm/h). In conclusion, immunoglobulin values, even if changed because of asbestos exposure, cannot explain the development of asbestosis. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate should not be neglected in routine health examinations of ex-asbestos-workers.Ispitana je grupa od 31 bivšeg radnika fabrike koja prerađuje hrizotilni azbest. Prema radiografskom nalazu na plućima grupa je podeljena na dve podgrupe: A (N = 12) koja pokazuje radiografsku azbestozu (koja se razvila posle prekida ekspozicije) i NA (N = 19), kod koje nije radiografski utvrđena progresija niti azbestoza. Ispitivane su vrednosti proteinskih frakcija u serumu, imunoglobulina A, M i G, RFs i brzina sedimentacije eritrocita i poređene sa kontrolom (N = 36 zdravih osoba). Vrednosti ukupnih proteina i svih globulinskih frakcija kod podgrupe A su značajno veće od onih kontrolne grupe, dok su u odnosu na podgrupu NA značajno veće vrednosti beta-globulinske frakcije. Kod podgrupe NA vrednosti ukupnih proteina, alfa-1 i gama-globulina su značajno veće od onih u kontrolnoj. Vrednosti svih određivanih serumskih imunoglobulina se međusobno značajno ne razlikuju kod podgrupa A i NA, ali su statistički značajno veće od kontrolne grupe (iako su prosečne vrednosti podgrupa i kontrole u rangu normalnih vrednosti). Brzina sedimentacije eritrocita kod podgrupe A je veća nego kod podgrupe NA i kontrole. U zaključku možemo reći da promenjene vrednosti imunoglobulina ne mogu objasniti patogenezu azbestoze. Sedimentaciju eritrocita ne smemo prevideti u rutinskim pregledima radnika izloženih azbestu

Supercritical carbon dioxide hop extraction

The hop of Magnum cultivar was extracted using supercritical carbon dioxide (SFE-as extractant). Extraction was carried out in the two steps: the first one being carried out at 150 bar and 40°C for 2.5 h (Extract A), and the second was the extraction of the same hop sample at 300 bar and 40°C for 2.5 h (Extract B). Extraction kinetics of the system hop-SFE-CO2 was investigated. Two of four most common compounds of hop aroma (α-humulene and β-caryophyllene) were detected in Extract A. Isomerised α-acids and β-acids were detected too. a-Acid content in Extract B was high (that means it is a bitter variety of hop). Mathematical modeling using empirical model characteristic time model and simple single sphere model has been performed on Magnum cultivar extraction experimental results. Characteristic time model equations, best fitted experimental results. Empirical model equation, fitted results well, while simple single sphere model equation poorly approximated the results

Effects of Dietary Milled Seed Mixture on Fatty Acid Status and Inflammatory Markers in Patients on Hemodialysis

Background. Plant seeds have gained interest for their health benefits due to their fatty acid content. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary consumption of milled sesame/pumpkin/flax seed mixture on glycemic control, serum lipids, phospholipid fatty acid status, and inflammatory factors in patients on hemodialysis. Methods. Thirty patients with well nutrition status (18 male, 12 female) were enrolled in the study. Participants consumed 30 g of milled sesame/pumpkin/flax (6 g/6 g/18 g, resp.) seeds mixture added to their habitual diet. Results. Total n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and levels of linoleic, dihomo-gamma-linolenic (DGLA), arachidonic, alpha-linolenic (ALA), eicosapentaenoic, docosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acid were increased after 12 weeks of supplementation. A significant decrease of the serum triglyceride level (P lt 0.001), glucose, insulin, calculated IR HOMA (P lt 0.05), and inflammatory markers (TNF-alpha, IL-6, and hs-CRP,P lt 0.001) was observed after seed mixture treatment. The serum levels of CRP and TNF-alpha negative correlate with ALA, DHA, and DGLA. Conclusion. Results of this study indicated that dietary milled sesame/pumpkin/flax seed mixture added to a habitual diet lowered triglyceride and CRP, TNF-alpha, IL-6 levels, affect glycemic control and improved fatty acid profile and pruritus symptoms in hemodialysis patients

Stres na radu i zdravlje medicinskih sestara u jedinicama intenzivne njege u Srbiji

The aim of this study was to identify and analyse professional stressors, evaluate the level of stress in nurses in Intensive Care Units (ICU), and assess the correlation between the perception of stress and psychological and somatic symptoms or diseases shown by nurses. The research, designed as a crosssectional study, was carried out in the Intensive Care Units (ICU), in health centres in Serbia. The sample population encompassed 1000 nurses. Expanded Nursing Stress Scale (ENSS) was used as the research instrument. ENSS revealed a valid metric characteristic within our sample population. Nurses from ICUs rated situations involving physical and psychological working environments as the most stressful ones, whereas situations related to social working environment were described as less stressful; however, the differences in the perception of stressfulness of these environments were minor. Socio-demographic determinants of the participants (age, marital status and education level) significantly affected the perception of stress at work. Significant differences in the perception of stressfulness of particular stress factors were observed among nurses with respect to psychological and somatic symptoms (such as headache, insomnia, fatigue, despair, lower back pain, mood swings etc.) and certain diseases (such as hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetes mellitus etc). In view of permanent escalation of professional stressors, creating a supportive working environment is essential for positive health outcomes, prevention of job-related diseases and better protection of already ill nurses.Cilj je ovoga rada bio identifi cirati i analizirati profesionalne stresore, procijeniti razinu stresa kod medicinskih sestara u jedinicama intenzivne njege te procijeniti korelaciju između percepcije stresa i prisutnosti psiholoških i somatskih simptoma ili bolesti kod medicinskih sestara. Istraživanje je provedeno u obliku studije presjeka u Jedinicama intenzivne njege u zdravstvenim centrima u Srbiji. Uzorak se sastojao od 1000 medicinskih sestara-tehničara. Za procjenu i analizu profesionalnih stresora korišten je upitnik Expanded Nursing Stress Scale (ENSS), koji je pokazao validne metrijske karakteristike na našoj ispitanoj populaciji. Medicinske sestre u Jedinicama intenzivne njege ocijenile su situacije iz fizičkoga i psihološkoga radnog okruženja kao izrazito opterećujuće, a situacije iz socijalnoga radnog okruženja kao manje opterećujuće. Razlika u percepciji stresogenosti navedenih radnih okruženja nije bila statistički značajna. Sociodemografske determinante ispitanika (dob, bračno stanje i stupanj obrazovanja) značajno utječu na percepciju stresa na radnom mjestu. Utvrđena je statistički značajna razlika u opažanju stresogenosti pojedinih stresnih situacija na radnom mjestu između medicinskih sestara u odnosu na postojanje psihosomatskih simptoma (kao što su glavobolja, nesanica, umor, očaj, bol u leđima, česte promjene raspoloženja) ili određenih bolesti (kao što su povišena hipertenzija, infarkt miokarda, cerebrovaskularni inzult, šećerna bolest). Zbog sve izraženije prisutnosti profesionalnih stresora nužno je poduzeti određene strateške mjere kod medicinskih sestara u Jedinicama intenzivne njege. Strateške mjere podrazumijevaju unaprjeđenje psihosocijalne radne klime, što bi unaprijedilo njihovo zdravlje i spriječilo nastanak bolesti u svezi s radom, ali i omogućilo bolju zaštitu već oboljelim medicinskim sestrama

Absenteeism among asbestos-textile workers

Analizirana je odsutnost sa posla u četvorogodišnjem periodu 1980-1983. g. kod proizvodnih radnika pogona vlačare, predionice i pletionice azbestne-tekstilne fabrike. U ovim pogonima utvrđene su visoke koncentracije ukupne prašine, kao i veliki broj azbestnih vlakana, koje znatno prelaze dozvoljene norme. Svi parametri apsentizma među ispitivanim -radnicima pokazuju visoke vrednosti, znatno više od onih u kontrolnoj grupi. Stopa bolovanja najveća je zbog oboljenja disajnog sistema i kreće se od 99,0 do 117,4 u analiziranim grupama radnika prema 22,9 u kontrolnoj grupi. U strukturi izgubljenih radnih dana takođe je najveće učešće oboljenja respiratornog sistema i kreće se od 22,5%, do 52,5%, prema 26,5% u kontrolnoj grupi. Osim medicinskih, razmatrani su i neki paramedicinski i faktori iz radne sredine koji utiču na odsutnost sa posla.Sick leaves were analysed over a period of four years (1980-1983) among the workers from the spinning, carding and knitting mills of an asbestos-textile factory. In these mills high concentrations (much over MAC values) of overall airborne dust and chrysotile particles were established. The highest absenteeism rates among the exposed workers referred to respiratory diseases -99.0-117.4 as compared to 22.9 in the control group. The prevalence of day-leave from work was also highest for respiratory diseases and ranged from 22.5 to 52.5% among the exposed workers compared to 26.5% among the controls

High-dose streptokinase in the treatment of acute massive pulmonary embolism complicated with cardiogenic shock, respiratory arrest and ventricular fibrillation

Background. Despite advances in prophylaxis, diagnostic modalities, and therapeutic options, pulmonary embolism remains a commonly undiagnosed entity with lethal outcome. Clinically, pulmonary embolism ranges from massive thromboembolism with cardiogenic shock to asymptomatic, microebolism with anatomically small emboli without hemodynamic, respiratory or other disturbances. Case report. A patient with massive pulmonary embolism complicated with ventricular fibrillation, respiratory arrest and cardiogenic shock was treated with a total dose of 3 750 000 IU of intravenous streptokinase in the 8- hour time period. After successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and thrombolytic therapy, the patient regained hemodynamic stability six hours after admission; all clinical and electrocardiographic signs of the right ventricle insufficiency disappeared. Conclusion. This case report suggested that treatment with the high-dose of streptokinase could be beneficial in the patients with massive pulmonary embolism complicated with cardiogenic shock, which must be confirmed by further randomized trials