Urbanisation in Between

This article focuses on the lived experiences of people who have moved to Zouping, a rapidly urbanising city in Shandong Province. It argues that the variety of their experiences reveals much about Chinese processes of urbanisation. Recent writing on Chinese urbanisation often portrays a sharp social break with rural experience. This article discusses the variable degrees of continuity with rural pasts that different groups of new urbanites experience. It presents Zouping as an intermediate case of Chinese urbanisation, illustrating aspects of both migrant and in situ development, and also argues for the importance of attention to divergent examples of lived experiences, which often blend or transcend the ideal types presented in models of urban experience

A geometric view of cryptographic equation solving

This paper considers the geometric properties of the Relinearisation algorithm and of the XL algorithm used in cryptology for equation solving. We give a formal description of each algorithm in terms of projective geometry, making particular use of the Veronese variety. We establish the fundamental geometrical connection between the two algorithms and show how both algorithms can be viewed as being equivalent to the problem of finding a matrix of low rank in the linear span of a collection of matrices, a problem sometimes known as the MinRank problem. Furthermore, we generalise the XL algorithm to a geometrically invariant algorithm, which we term the GeometricXL algorithm. The GeometricXL algorithm is a technique which can solve certain equation systems that are not easily soluble by the XL algorithm or by Groebner basis methods

Non equilibrium current fluctuations in stochastic lattice gases

We study current fluctuations in lattice gases in the macroscopic limit extending the dynamic approach for density fluctuations developed in previous articles. More precisely, we establish a large deviation principle for a space-time fluctuation $j$ of the empirical current with a rate functional \mc I (j). We then estimate the probability of a fluctuation of the average current over a large time interval; this probability can be obtained by solving a variational problem for the functional \mc I . We discuss several possible scenarios, interpreted as dynamical phase transitions, for this variational problem. They actually occur in specific models. We finally discuss the time reversal properties of \mc I and derive a fluctuation relationship akin to the Gallavotti-Cohen theorem for the entropy production.Comment: 36 Pages, No figur

Free Energy Functional for Nonequilibrium Systems: An Exactly Solvable Case

We consider the steady state of an open system in which there is a flux of matter between two reservoirs at different chemical potentials. For a large system of size $N$, the probability of any macroscopic density profile $\rho(x)$ is $\exp[-N{\cal F}(\{\rho\})]$; ${\cal F}$ thus generalizes to nonequilibrium systems the notion of free energy density for equilibrium systems. Our exact expression for $\cal F$ is a nonlocal functional of $\rho$, which yields the macroscopically long range correlations in the nonequilibrium steady state previously predicted by fluctuating hydrodynamics and observed experimentally.Comment: 4 pages, RevTeX. Changes: correct minor errors, add reference, minor rewriting requested by editors and refere

Une urbanisation intermédiaire

Cet article s’intéresse aux expériences vécues par des personnes qui ont emménagé à Zouping, une ville soumise à un phénomène d’urbanisation rapide dans la province du Shandong. Il développe la thèse selon laquelle les différentes expériences décrites symbolisent les multiples processus d’urbanisation qui ont cours dans la Chine contemporaine. Les écrits récents sur l’urbanisation chinoise rendent souvent compte d’une rupture sociale profonde avec le mode de vie rural. Cet article analyse les degrés de continuité que ressentent les différents groupes de nouveaux urbains avec leur passé rural. Il présente Zouping comme un cas intermédiaire de l’urbanisation chinoise, caractérisé par un développement local et un afflux de migrants extérieurs, et souligne la nécessité de prendre en compte les divergences qui existent entre les expériences vécues, nuançant ainsi ou dépassant les idéaux types présentés dans les modèles de l’expérience urbaine

Urbanisation in Between

This article focuses on the lived experiences of people who have moved to Zouping, a rapidly urbanising city in Shandong Province. It argues that the variety of their experiences reveals much about Chinese processes of urbanisation. Recent writing on Chinese urbanisation often portrays a sharp social break with rural experience. This article discusses the variable degrees of continuity with rural pasts that different groups of new urbanites experience. It presents Zouping as an intermediate case of Chinese urbanisation, illustrating aspects of both migrant and in situ development, and also argues for the importance of attention to divergent examples of lived experiences, which often blend or transcend the ideal types presented in models of urban experience

Une urbanisation intermédiaire

Cet article s’intéresse aux expériences vécues par des personnes qui ont emménagé à Zouping, une ville soumise à un phénomène d’urbanisation rapide dans la province du Shandong. Il développe la thèse selon laquelle les différentes expériences décrites symbolisent les multiples processus d’urbanisation qui ont cours dans la Chine contemporaine. Les écrits récents sur l’urbanisation chinoise rendent souvent compte d’une rupture sociale profonde avec le mode de vie rural. Cet article analyse les degrés de continuité que ressentent les différents groupes de nouveaux urbains avec leur passé rural. Il présente Zouping comme un cas intermédiaire de l’urbanisation chinoise, caractérisé par un développement local et un afflux de migrants extérieurs, et souligne la nécessité de prendre en compte les divergences qui existent entre les expériences vécues, nuançant ainsi ou dépassant les idéaux types présentés dans les modèles de l’expérience urbaine

Hydrodynamic limit for a boundary driven stochastic lattice gas model with many conserved quantities

We prove the hydrodynamic limit for a particle system in which particles may have different velocities. We assume that we have two infinite reservoirs of particles at the boundary: this is the so-called boundary driven process. The dynamics we considered consists of a weakly asymmetric simple exclusion process with collision among particles having different velocities