27 research outputs found
Biodegradation of phenoxyacetic acid in soil by Pseudomonas putida PP0301(pR0103), a constitutive degrader of 2, 4âdichlorophenoxyacetate
The efficacy of using genetically engineered microbes (GEMs) to degrade recalcitrant environmental toxicants was demonstrated by the application of Pseudomonas putida PP0301(pR0103) to an Oregon agricultural soil amended with 500 u.g/g of a model xenobiotic, phenoxyacetic acid (PAA). P. putida PP0301(pR0103) is a constitutive degrader of 2, 4âdichlorophenoxyacetate (2, 4âD) and is also active on the nonâinducing substrate, PAA. PAA is the parental compound of 2, 4âdichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4âD) and whilst the indigenous soil microbiota degraded 500 ng/g 2, 4âD to less than 10 Jâg/g, PAA degradation was insignificant during a 40âday period. No significant degradation of PAA occurred in soil inoculated with the parental strain P. putida PP0301 or the inducible 2, 4âD degrader P. putida PP0301(pR0101). Moreover, coâamendment of soil with 2, 4âD and PAA induced the microbiota to degrade 2, 4âD; PAA was not degraded. P. putida PP0301â(pR0103) mineralized 500âÎg/g PAA to trace levels within 13 days and relieved phytotoxicity of PAA to Raphanus sativus (radish) seeds with 100% germination in the presence of the GEM and 7% germination in its absence. In unamended soil, survival of the plasmidâfree parental strain P. putida PP0301 was similar to the survival of the GEM strain P. putida PP0301(pR0103). However, in PAA amended soil, survival of the parent strain was over 10 000âfold lower (< 3 colony forming units per gram of soil) than survival of the GEM strain after 39 days.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/75471/1/j.1365-294X.1992.tb00160.x.pd
Intimate adhesion of Neisseria meningitidis to human epithelial cells is under the control of the crgA gene, a novel LysR-type transcriptional regulator
PilC1, a pilus-associated protein in Neisseria meninâ gitidis, is a key element in initial meningococcal adhesion to target cells. A promoter element (CREN, contact regulatory element of Neisseria) is responsible for the transient induction of this gene upon cell contact. crgA (contact-regulated gene A) encodes a transcriptional regulator whose expression is also induced upon cell contact from a promoter region similar to the CREN of pilC1. CrgA shows significant sequence homologies to LysR-type transcriptional regulators. Its inactivation in meningococci provokes a dramatic reduction in bacterial adhesion to epithelial cells. Moreover, this mutant is unable to undergo intimate adhesion to epithelial cells or to provoke effacing of microvilli on infected cells. Purified CrgA is able to bind to pilC1 and crgA promoters, and CrgA seems to repress the expression of pilC1 and crgA. Our results support a dynamic model of bacteriaâcell interaction involving a network of regulators acting in cascade. CrgA could be an intermediate regulator in such a network