Statistical Mechanics of Stress Transmission in Disordered Granular Arrays

We give a statistical-mechanical theory of stress transmission in disordered arrays of rigid grains with perfect friction. Starting from the equations of microscopic force and torque balance we derive the fundamental equations of stress equilibrium. We illustrate the validity of our approach by solving the stress distribution of a homogeneous and isotropic array.Comment: 4 pages, to be published in PR

Comparative analysis of two groups of patients according to the results of cataract phacoemulsification in combination with silicone oil removal through flat part of the ciliary body and posterior capsulorhexis in the long term after retinal detachment surgery

Purpose. To conduct a comparative analysis of two groups of patients according to the results of cataract phacoemulsification in combination with the silicone oil removal through flat part of the ciliary body and posterior capsulorhexis in the long term after retinal detachment surgery.Material and methods. 30 patients with a diagnosis of cataract, avitria, tamponade of the vitreous cavity with silicone oil OXANE 5700 were under observation. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. In both groups, the infusion system was installed through port 25 Ga located 3–4 mm from the limb, cataract phacoemulsification was performed in the first stage. In the first group (15 patients), silicon oil was removed through the posterior capsulorexis using a curved aspiration cannula of caliber 18 Ga. In the second group (15 patients) silicon oil was removed using aspiration through the second port of 25 Ga.The assessment of the functional and anatomical state after surgery was based on data from visometry, autorefractometry, ultrasound B-scanning of the vitreous cavity, and optical coherence tomography of the macular area. Assessment of patient satisfaction with the subjective level of quality of life was carried out using the validated visual function questionnaire Visual Function (VF-14).Results. In both groups, on average, there was a significant increase in the best corrected visual acuity. According to B-scan data, emulsified silicone oil particles were less detected in patients after removal of silicone oil through posterior capsulorexis. The subjective level of quality of life of each patient impr oved significantly in both groups.Conclusion. Performing the combined operation of cataract phacoemulsification with the removal of silicone oil through the posterior capsulorhexis in comparison with the silicone oil removal through the flat part of the ciliary body can equally improve visual function. Satisfaction with treatment results was slightly higher in the group with silicone oil removal through posterior capsulorexis

Anti-West Nile virus activity of in vitro expanded human primary natural killer cells

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Natural Killer (NK) cells are a crucial component of the host innate immune system with anti-viral and anti-cancer properties. However, the role of NK cells in West Nile virus (WNV) infection is controversial, with reported effects ranging from active suppression of virus to no effect at all. It was previously shown that K562-mb15-41BBL (K562D2) cells, which express IL-15 and 4-1BBL on the K562 cell surface, were able to expand and activate human primary NK cells of normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The expanded NK cells were tested for their ability to inhibit WNV infection <it>in vitro</it>.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Co-culture of PBMC with irradiated K562D2 cells expanded the NK cell number by 2-3 logs in 2-3 weeks, with more than 90% purity; upregulated NK cell surface activation receptors; downregulated inhibitory receptors; and boosted interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production by ~33 fold. The expanded NK (D2NK) cell has strong natural killing activity against both K562 and Vero cells, and killed the WNV infected Vero cells through antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). The D2NK cell culture supernatants inhibited both WNV replication and WNV induced cytopathic effect (CPE) in Vero cells when added before or after infection. Anti-IFN-γ neutralizing antibody blocked the NK supernatant-mediated anti-WNV effect, demonstrating a noncytolytic activity mediated through IFN-γ.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Co-culture of PBMC with K562D2 stimulatory cells is an efficient technique to prepare large quantities of pure and active NK cells, and these expanded NK cells inhibited WNV infection of Vero cells through both cytolytic and noncytolytic activities, which may imply a potential role of NK cells in combating WNV infection.</p

1-Vinyl-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde

In the title compound, C11H9NO, the C and O atoms of the attached carbaldehyde group deviate by just 0.052 (2) and 0.076 (1) Å, respectively, from the mean plane of the indole ring system. In addition to van der Waals forces, the mol­ecular packing is stabilized by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, which form a C(7) chain motif, and π–π inter­actions (centroid–centroid distance 3.637 Å) between the pyrrole and benzene rings of the indole ring system

Retrospective analysis of the surgical treatment results of pathology of the macular zone

The article describes the results of surgical treatment of the pathology of the macular area of the retina: macular holes, epiretinal membranes and vitreomacular traction syndrome. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed in all patients before and after the operation. The retinal thickness in the area of the macula and the magnitude of the rupture were measured in case of macular holes. The retinal thickness in the area of the macula was measured before and after epiretinal membrane and vitreomacular traction syndrome surgery. Results: surgical treatment significantly reduces the size of the macular hole by an average of 61% and the thickness of the retina in the center by an average of 22%, and it allows to completely close the gap in 66.7% of cases as well. Removal of the epiretinal membrane and the elimination of vitreomacular traction syndrome can reduce the thickness of the retina in the center by an average of 19% in the immediate postoperative period.В статье рассмотрены результаты хирургического лечения патологии макулярной зоны сетчатки: макулярных разрывов, эпиретинальных мембран и витреомакулярного тракционного синдрома. Всем больным выполнялась оптическая когерентная томография (ОКТ) до и после операции. При макулярном разрыве проводилось измерение толщины сетчатки в области макулы, величины разрыва. При эпиретинальной мембране и витреомакулярном тракционном синдроме измерялась толщина сетчатки в области макулы до и после операции. Результаты: хирургическое лечение значительно уменьшает размеры макулярного разрыва в среднем на 61% и толщину сетчатки в центре в среднем на 22%, а также позволяет полностью закрыть разрыв в 66,7% случаев. Удаление эпиретинальной мембраны и устранение витреомакулярного тракционного синдрома позволяет уменьшить толщину сетчатки в центре в среднем на 19% в ближайшем послеоперационном периоде

Removal of silicone oil through posterior capsulorhexis in patients with cataract

Performing a combined operation is indicated when cataracts are combined with fibrosis of the posterior capsule frolic on silicone against tamponade of the vitreous cavity with silicone oil, as well as in complicated cataracts against the background of avitra with residual silicone oil of the vitreous cavity. The proposed method has numerous descriptions in the scientific literature. The article discusses the results of a combined operation performed by various modifications.Выполнение комбинированной операции показано при сочетании катаракты с фиброзом задней капсулы, резвившемся на фоне тампонады витреальной полости силиконовым маслом, а также при осложненной катаракте на фоне авитрии с остаточным силиконовым маслом витреальной полости. Предложенная методика имеет многочисленные описания в научной литературе. В статье рассмотрены результаты комбинированной операции, выполненной различными модификациями

Results of cataract phacoemulsificatio in patients with avitria in long term

The need for surgical treatment of cataracts inevitably arises in patients who have undergone vitrectomy, however, phacoemulsification in avitria is associated with a number of features, which is due to a violation of the condition of the iridocular diaphragm, the absence of the vitreous body, as a natural supporting structure of the lens capsule sac. The article presents an analysis of the results of surgical treatment of cataracts in avitria using various methods in the long termПотребность в хирургическом лечении катаракты неизбежно возникает у пациентов перенесших витрэктомию, однако выполнение факоэмульсификации при авитрии сопряжено с рядом особенностей, что обусловлено нарушением состояния иридохрусталиковой диафрагмы, отсутствием стекловидного тела, как естественной поддерживающей структуры капсульного мешка хрусталика. В статье приводится анализ результатов хирургического лечения катаракты при авитрии с использованием различных методик в отдаленные срок

Dislocation of the ozurdex implant into the anterior chamber (case of reposition)

The purpose of the study is to report a case of migration of the dexamethasone Ozurdex implant into the anterior chamber in a patient with pseudophakia and avitria and the method of reposition.Цель исследования – cообщить о случае миграции имплантата дексаметазона Озурдекс в переднюю камеру у пациента с артифакией и авитрией и способе репозиции

Retrospective analysis of the results of surgical treatment of patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

The article analyzes the results of surgical treatment rhegmatogenous retinal detachment according to GBUZ SO SOKB №1В статье проведен анализ результатов хирургического лечения регматогенной отслойки сетчатки по данным ГБУЗ СО СОКБ №1