Abstract Number ‐ 271: Comorbidities: Severe Stroke in Thrombolysis for Ischemic Stroke with Elevated Diastolic Blood Pressure

Introduction Patients are at risk for different outcomes following stroke based on their diastolic blood pressure on admission. In this study, we determine differences in risk factors between patients with DBP  = 80 mmHg and then determine which of these risk factors are associated with worsening neurologic outcomes after rtPA administration. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed by looking at demographics, history, and clinical factors that are known risk factors for acute ischemic stroke. Data were obtained from a stroke registry that includes patient data from between 2010 and 2016. Univariate analysis was performed based on presenting diastolic blood pressure group. Patients who did not receive rtPA were excluded from further study and then patients were further divided by NIHSS > = 7 or > 7. Logistic regression was used to further evaluate variables. Odds Ratios with 95% Confidence Intervals (C.I.) were calculated and used to predict worsening neurologic outcomes for stroke patients based on their blood‐pressure group. Results In the population of stroke patients with diastolic blood pressure  = 80 mmHg, increasing age (OR = 1.026, 95% C.I. = 1.012 – 1.04. P‐value =  = 80 mmHg with acute ischemic stroke and these groups also had different risk factors for severe stroke after rtPA administration. In both groups, increasing age was associated with worsening neurologic outcomes, while direct admission was associated with improving outcomes. In the DBP  = 80 mmHg group, a history of alcohol or drug use and increased heart rate were associated with worsening neurologic outcomes

Dosimetry of N[superscript 6]-Formyllysine Adducts Following [[superscript 13]C[superscript 2]H[subscript 2]]-Formaldehyde Exposures in Rats

With formaldehyde as the major source of endogenous N[superscript 6]-formyllysine protein adducts, we quantified endogenous and exogenous N[superscript 6]-formyllysine in the nasal epithelium of rats exposed by inhalation to 0.7, 2, 5.8, and 9.1 ppm [[superscript 13]C[superscript 2]H[subscript 2]]-formaldehyde using liquid chromatography-coupled tandem mass spectrometry. Exogenous N[superscript 6]-formyllysine was detected in the nasal epithelium, with concentration-dependent formation in total as well as fractionated (cytoplasmic, membrane, nuclear) proteins, but was not detected in the lung, liver, or bone marrow. Endogenous adducts dominated at all exposure conditions, with a 6 h 9.1 ppm formaldehyde exposure resulting in one-third of the total load of N[superscript 6]-formyllysine being derived from exogenous sources. The results parallel previous studies of formaldehyde-induced DNA adducts.David H. Koch Cancer Research FundNational Institutes of Health (U.S.) (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Grant ES016450)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Grant ES005948)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Grant ES010126)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Grant ES002109)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (National Cancer Institute (U.S.) Grant CA026731)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (National Cancer Institute (U.S.) Grant CA103146)Texas. Commission of Environmental Qualit

An intelligent multi-agent system using fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and axiomatic design as a decision support method for refugee settlement siting

Crises and disasters of recent years are complex and occasionally interrelated phenomena, which require complex decision making for effective humanitarian relief operations provision. Moreover, coordination is needed between different humanitarian actors as decision makers. Massive refugee and migrant arrivals in Greece since 2014, mainly a result of a refugee crisis, require complex humanitarian supply chain management and logistics operations. In this paper, refugee settlement site planning decision making process is addressed with an intelligent multi-agent system (MAS) modeling approach. The MAS uses two multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods: fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) to determine the weights of criteria and fuzzy axiomatic design approach extended with risk factors (RFAD) to rank alternative sites for refugee settlement. The proposed method will be applied to evaluate currently operating temporary accommodation sites in Greece. © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018

Formation, Accumulation, and Hydrolysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Formaldehyde-Induced DNA Damage

Formaldehyde is not only a widely used chemical with well-known carcinogenicity but is also a normal metabolite of living cells. It thus poses unique challenges for understanding risks associated with exposure. N(2-)hydroxymethyl-dG (N(2)-HOMe-dG) is the main formaldehyde-induced DNA mono-adduct, which together with DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs) and toxicity-induced cell proliferation, play important roles in a mutagenic mode of action for cancer. In this study, N(2)-HOMe-dG was shown to be an excellent biomarker for direct adduction of formaldehyde to DNA and the hydrolysis of DPCs. The use of inhaled [(13)CD(2)]-formaldehyde exposures of rats and primates coupled with ultrasensitive nano ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry permitted accurate determinations of endogenous and exogenous formaldehyde DNA damage. The results show that inhaled formaldehyde only reached rat and monkey noses, but not tissues distant to the site of initial contact. The amounts of exogenous adducts were remarkably lower than those of endogenous adducts in exposed nasal epithelium. Moreover, exogenous adducts accumulated in rat nasal epithelium over the 28-days exposure to reach steady-state concentrations, followed by elimination with a half-life (t(1/2)) of 7.1 days. Additionally, we examined artifact formation during DNA preparation to ensure the accuracy of nonlabeled N(2)-HOMe-dG measurements. These novel findings provide critical new data for understanding major issues identified by the National Research Council Review of the 2010 Environmental Protection Agency’s Draft Integrated Risk Information System Formaldehyde Risk Assessment. They support a data-driven need for reflection on whether risks have been overestimated for inhaled formaldehyde, whereas underappreciating endogenous formaldehyde as the primary source of exposure that results in bone marrow toxicity and leukemia in susceptible humans and rodents deficient in DNA repair