51 research outputs found
Lessons learned in coupling atmospheric models across scales for onshore and offshore wind energy
The Mesoscale to Microscale Coupling team, part of the
U.S. Department of Energy Atmosphere to Electrons (A2e) initiative, has
studied various important challenges related to coupling mesoscale models to
microscale models for the use case of wind energy development and operation.
Several coupling methods and techniques for generating turbulence at the
microscale that is subgrid to the mesoscale have been evaluated for a
variety of cases. Case studies included flat-terrain, complex-terrain, and
offshore environments. Methods were developed to bridge the terra incognita, which scales from
about 100 m through the depth of the boundary layer. The team used
wind-relevant metrics and archived code, case information, and assessment
tools and is making those widely available. Lessons learned and discerned
best practices are described in the context of the cases studied for the
purpose of enabling further deployment of wind energy.</p
Performance Standards and Employee Effort: Evidence from Teacher Absences
The 2001 No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) increased accountability pressure in U.S. public schools by threatening to impose sanctions on Title 1 schools that failed to make adequate yearly progress (AYP) in consecutive years. Difference-in-difference estimates of the effect of failing AYP in the first year of NCLB on teacher effort in the subsequent year suggest that, on average, teacher absences in North Carolina fell by about 10 percent, and the probability of being absent 15 or more times fell by about 30 percent. Reductions in teacher absences were driven by within-teacher increases in effort and were larger among more effective teachers
- …