63,885 research outputs found
A study to gain further information regarding the relationship of aptitudes and interests
Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston Universit
Using problem frames with distributed architectures: a case for cardinality on interfaces
Certain classes of problems amenable to description
using Problem Frames, in particular ones intended to be
implemented using a distributed architecture, can benefit
by the addition of a cardinality specification on the
domain interfaces. This paper presents an example of
such a problem, demonstrates the need for relationship
cardinality, and proposes a notation to represent
cardinality on domain interfaces
The phonetics of second language learning and bilingualism
This chapter provides an overview of major theories and findings in the field of second language (L2) phonetics and phonology. Four main conceptual frameworks are discussed and compared: the Perceptual Assimilation Model-L2, the Native Language Magnet Theory, the Automatic Selection Perception Model, and the Speech Learning Model. These frameworks differ in terms of their empirical focus, including the type of learner (e.g., beginner vs. advanced) and target modality (e.g., perception vs. production), and in terms of their theoretical assumptions, such as the basic unit or window of analysis that is relevant (e.g., articulatory gestures, position-specific allophones). Despite the divergences among these theories, three recurring themes emerge from the literature reviewed. First, the learning of a target L2 structure (segment, prosodic pattern, etc.) is influenced by phonetic and/or phonological similarity to structures in the native language (L1). In particular, L1-L2 similarity exists at multiple levels and does not necessarily benefit L2 outcomes. Second, the role played by certain factors, such as acoustic phonetic similarity between close L1 and L2 sounds, changes over the course of learning, such that advanced learners may differ from novice learners with respect to the effect of a specific variable on observed L2 behavior. Third, the connection between L2 perception and production (insofar as the two are hypothesized to be linked) differs significantly from the perception-production links observed in L1 acquisition. In service of elucidating the predictive differences among these theories, this contribution discusses studies that have investigated L2 perception and/or production primarily at a segmental level. In addition to summarizing the areas in which there is broad consensus, the chapter points out a number of questions which remain a source of debate in the field today.https://drive.google.com/open?id=1uHX9K99Bl31vMZNRWL-YmU7O2p1tG2wHhttps://drive.google.com/open?id=1uHX9K99Bl31vMZNRWL-YmU7O2p1tG2wHhttps://drive.google.com/open?id=1uHX9K99Bl31vMZNRWL-YmU7O2p1tG2wHAccepted manuscriptAccepted manuscrip
Space from String Bits
We develop superstring bit models, in which the lightcone transverse
coordinates in D spacetime dimensions are replaced with d=D-2 double-valued
"flavor" indices ; . In such models the string bits
have no space to move. Letting each string bit be an adjoint of a "color" group
U(N), we then analyze the physics of 't Hooft's limit , in which
closed chains of many string bits behave like free lightcone IIB superstrings
with d compact coordinate bosonic worldsheet fields , and s pairs of
Grassmann fermionic fields , a=1,..., s. The coordinates
emerge because, on the long chains, flavor fluctuations enjoy the dynamics of d
anisotropic Heisenberg spin chains. It is well-known that the low energy
excitations of a many-spin Heisenberg chain are identical to those of a string
worldsheet coordinate compactified on a circle of radius , which is
related to the anisotropy parameter of the corresponding
Heisenberg system. Furthermore there is a limit of this parameter,
, in which . As noted in earlier work
[Phys.Rev.D{\bf 89}(2014)105002], these multi-string-bit chains are strictly
stable at when d<s and only marginally stable when d=s. (Poincare
supersymmetry requires d=s=8, which is on the boundary between stability and
instability.)Comment: 22 pages, several typos correcte
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