Determination of migration monomer styrene from GPPS (general purpose polystyrene) and HIPS (high impact polystyrene) cups to hot drinks

In this study, 162 samples were analysed for monomer styrene content with using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method in hot tea, milk, cocoa milk. The monomer styrene content, expressed in μg/l of drink and the level of migration of styrene monomer were varied from 0.61 to 8.15 for hot tea, from 0.65 to 8.30 for hot milk, from 0.71 to 8.65 for hot cocoa milk in GPPS (general purpose polystyrene), from 0.48 to 6.85 for hot tea, from 0.61 to 7.65 for hot milk, from 0.72 to 7.78 for hot cocoa milk in HIPS (high performance polystyrene) cups in different temperatures and times. The estimated limit of detection of (HPLC) method for all samples was 0.001 mg/kg. There is linear regression for styrene monomer from 1 to 10 ng/ml. Several samples spiked with a known amount of styrene monomer. The results of the recovery in study for styrene monomer were determinate to be mean, 96.1 ± 1.92 to 99.7 ± 1.15%. The results of this study indicate that styrene monomer from polystyrene disposable into hot and fat drinks was migrated and this migration was highly dependent on fat content and temperature of drinks. The derived concentration of styrene monomer in this study was above the EPA (Environmental protection agency) recommended level, especially in MCLG (Maximum contaminant level goal) standard. More study is needed to further elucidate this finding

Public Sector Innovation, Social Entrepreneurship and Business Legitimacy

The chapter discusses legitimacy in relation to public sector innovation, socialentrepreneurship, and CSR. All three terms refer to organizing principles andmanagerial trends that, implicitly or explicitly, have implications not only for ourunderstanding of organizations but also of the role and division between the threesectors of society. The chapter aims to understand legitimacy as a critical conceptin relation to these three phenomena and analyzes and discusses ways to studylegitimacy in relation to them. It draws on legitimacy studies in institutionaltheory with its sociological and empirically oriented approach and politicalphilosophy with a normative understanding of legitimacy, and the potentialsand challenges of these two approaches to legitimacy are discussed. Legitimacyin relation to public sector innovation, in a normative sense, always follows theidea about what the public sector is and should be. The study of social entrepreneurshipdeploys an institutional theory conception of legitimacy to challenge economic and rationalist explanations for the emergence of social enterprise,thereby displaying its ideological and political underpinnings. The study ofCSR critically discusses an example of deliberative legitimacy, which representsdirect transfer of a normative political concept of legitimacy to corporate legitimacystudies. The discussion shows that the premises of such a transfer need to befurther developed in order to be empirically and normatively convincing