Rivoluzione cognitivista e teoria del diritto: un programma di ricerca

Questo scritto ha un carattere esclusivamente programmatico. \uc8 dedicato alla presentazione delle linee essenziali di un programma di ricerca nel quale siamo impegnati gi\ue0 da un po\u2019 di tempo, e che intendiamo sviluppare nel prossimo futuro. Nei primi due paragrafi tratteggiamo sommariamente il contesto culturale e scientifico della \u201crivoluzione cognitivista\u201d, nel quale il nostro programma si colloca (behavioural law and economics; responsabilit\ue0 e imputabilit\ue0; euristiche e bias nella decisione giudiziale). Nel terzo paragrafo elenchiamo le linee di ricerca affini gi\ue0 battute da altri autori. Il quarto paragrafo \ue8 dedicato alla formulazione del nucleo centrale del nostro programma: quali sono i processi psicologici soggiacenti alla comprensione, osservanza, produzione, applicazione di regole in genere, e di regole giuridiche in particolare? Successivamente diremo cosa abbiamo gi\ue0 fatto (molto poco), e cosa intendiamo fare in futuro.What we present here are the outlines of a research program. In sections 1 and 2, we give a rough picture of the \u201ccognitive revolution\u201d, the context in which our program situates. In section 3, we briefly review some well-established lines of inquiry germane to ours (behavioural law and economics; criminal responsibility and imputability; heuristics and biases in adjudication). Section 4 is devoted to the core of our research program: what are the psychological processes involved in the understanding, issuing and complying with norms, and in rule-based decision-making? Subsequently, in the last two sections, we give a glimpse on what we have done already (not much), and on what we plan to do in the next future

In defence of a free market

In a dusty square of an ancient neighborhood of Palermo, there is a miserable second-hand market called mercato dell’Albergheria. Merchandise sold is mainly stuff collected from garbage. Those who sell and buy are some of the poorest and most marginalized among the urban population, so none of the sellers has a license or pays any tax. Nevertheless, Albergheria market had existed undisturbed for about twenty years. It, therefore, seems to be an actualization of the free market deal. The State is not there: neither to give nor to require. In the main square, where the market is, an odd coincidence occurs: one of the buildings, an ex-cinema, is now a lecture hall of the Law Department of the University of Palermo. So, where everything is illegal, youth is trained in the legal professions. This paradoxical circumstance was the occasion of a legal education experiment and action research, configurable in terms of “street law upside-down”

Measuring the magnetic axis alignment during solenoids working

A method for monitoring the misalignment of the magnetic axis in solenoids is proposed. This method requires only a few measurements of the magnetic field at fixed positions inside the magnet aperture, and thus overcomes the main drawback of sturdy moving mechanics of other Hall sensor-based methods. Conversely to state-of-the-art axis determination, the proposed method can be applied also during magnet operations, when the axis region and almost the whole remaining magnet aperture are not accessible. Moreover, only a few measurements of the magnetic field at fixed positions inside the magnet aperture are required: thus a slow process such as the mapping of the whole aperture of a magnet by means of moving stages is not necessary. The mathematical formulation of the method is explained, and a case study on a model of a multi–layer solenoid is presented. For this case study, the uncertainty is assessed and the optimal placement of the Hall transducers is derived

Vulnerability analysis of satellite-based synchronized smart grids monitoring systems

The large-scale deployment of wide-area monitoring systems could play a strategic role in supporting the evolution of traditional power systems toward smarter and self-healing grids. The correct operation of these synchronized monitoring systems requires a common and accurate timing reference usually provided by a satellite-based global positioning system. Although these satellites signals provide timing accuracy that easily exceeds the needs of the power industry, they are extremely vulnerable to radio frequency interference. Consequently, a comprehensive analysis aimed at identifying their potential vulnerabilities is of paramount importance for correct and safe wide-area monitoring system operation. Armed with such a vision, this article presents and discusses the results of an experimental analysis aimed at characterizing the vulnerability of global positioning system based wide-area monitoring systems to external interferences. The article outlines the potential strategies that could be adopted to protect global positioning system receivers from external cyber-attacks and proposes decentralized defense strategies based on self-organizing sensor networks aimed at assuring correct time synchronization in the presence of external attacks

In-plane Behaviour of an Iron-Framed Masonry Façade: Comparison between Different Modelling Strategies

The ‘baraccato’ system is a construction technique with genius earthquake resilient features, used for the reconstruction of the historical city centres in the South of Italy after the catastrophic events occurred in the 18th-19th centuries. A very interesting example of such a building typology is represented by the Church of Santa Maria Maddalena, located in the municipality of Casamicciola Terme of the Ischia Island and built in 1896, after the catastrophic earthquake of 1883. The church is characterized by a mixed ‘baraccato’ system mainly made of yellow tuff block masonry walls strengthened by iron profiles or wooden elements. The reduced damage suffered by the church after the seismic event of 21st August 2017 evidenced the good behaviour of such a mixed structural system, especially into avoiding out-of-plane mechanisms. The presence of the iron-framed system is even more challenging in the definition of the modelling strategies for the structural analysis of the church. Thus, the choice of an appropriate numerical strategy to be used for nonlinear simulation should be properly investigated since the interaction between the frame elements and the elements representing the masonry walls has to be considered. As a first step of the structural analysis of the whole church, the in-plane behaviour of the main façade of the Church of Santa Maria Maddalena is analysed in this paper, with the aim to evaluate the efficacy of different modelling strategies. In particular, the study considers different models according to Finite and Discrete Element strategies available within DIANA FEA [1] and 3DMacro [2] software, respectively. Non-linear static analyses are carried out by means of both software and the obtained results are compared and discussed with the aim of extending them to the study of the whole church

Non-filamentary (VMCO) memory : a two- and three-dimensional study on switching and failure modes

In this work, for the first time, a set of two-and three-dimensional (3D) analysis techniques are combined to clarify the nature of resistive switching (RS) in state-of-the-art TiO2-based vacancy modulated conductive oxide (VMCO) memory. (1) A non-filamentary switching mechanism is observed. (2) The role of oxygen incorporation and motion in the TiO2 is demonstrated. (3) The oxygen profile inside scaled cells is measured and a RS-model based on the modulation of oxygen inside the stack is proposed. In addition, we perform the tomographic analysis of fully-fabricated devices with Scalpel SPM, thus probing in 3D the entire stack and the contribution of TiO2 grain boundaries (GBs) to the switching operations. Finally, devices failed by breakdown (BD) during cycling are characterized, identifying the formation of parasitic filaments as root-cause of the failure

A statistical interpretation of the correlation between intermediate mass fragment multiplicity and transverse energy

Multifragment emission following Xe+Au collisions at 30, 40, 50 and 60 AMeV has been studied with multidetector systems covering nearly 4-pi in solid angle. The correlations of both the intermediate mass fragment and light charged particle multiplicities with the transverse energy are explored. A comparison is made with results from a similar system, Xe+Bi at 28 AMeV. The experimental trends are compared to statistical model predictions.Comment: 7 pages, submitted to Phys. Rev.

Sorption-Desorption Behavior of Atrazine on Soils Subjected to Different Organic Long-Term Amendments

Sorption of atrazine on soils subjected to three different organic amendments was measured using a batch equilibrium technique. A higher K(F) value (2.20 kg(-1)(mg L(-1))(-)N) was obtained for soil fertilized with compost, which had a higher organic matter (OM) content. A correlation between the K(Foc) values and the percentage of aromatic carbon in OM was observed. The highest K(Foc) value was obtained for the soil with the highest aromatic content. Higher aromatic content results in higher hydrophobicity of OM, and hydrophobic interactions play a key role in binding of atrazine, On the other hand, the soil amended with farmyard manure had a higher content of carboxylic units, which could be responsible for hydrogen bonding between atrazine and OR Dominance of hydrogen bonds compared to hydrophobic interactions can be responsible for the lower desorption capacity observed with the farmyard manure soil, The stronger hydrogen bonding can reduce the leaching of atrazine into drinking water resources and runoff to rivers and other surface waters

51\ub0 Corso di Cultura in Ecologia. Ecologia del suolo e futuro, mantenendo i piedi per terra - Soil ecology and future, keeping our feet on the ground

L\u2019obiettivo principale degli 11 interventi e\u300 quello di evidenziare i meccanismi di funzionamento del suolo considerando l\u2019interazione di tutte le sue componenti. Lo scopo finale e\u300 quello di insegnare a gestire la risorsa suolo di un territorio in modo saggio e consapevole, basandosi su risultati di ricerche scientifiche e di ambito biologico