Ambiguities in fit-evaluation for selector models

Abstract: The use of the direct evaluation of the Gaussian Process, using the square exponential function kernel prediction at the given data points is often misleading towards evaluation of the fit, given by the coefficient of determination. The predicted value at the data points when using the Gaussian Process, is almost at all cases equal to the original value. As such, interpretation problems arise when coefficient of determination suggest the model to be a good fit, but visual representations suggest otherwise. We illustrate the difficulties in presenting the coefficient of determination for the Gaussian Process and recommend the use of alternative methods for the evaluation of the predicted value, thus realizing the true function of the coefficient of determination

Performance indexes’ evaluation of a novel synchronous reluctance motor with sinusoidal rotor shape

Abstract: This paper presents the evaluation of performance indexes of a novel Synchronous Reluctance Motor (SynRM), which has an axially sinusoidal rotor lamination shape. The stator of a 5.5 kW, 4-pole, 50 Hz conventional three-phase squirrel cage induction motor, with distributed and chorded by one slot, double layer winding, is used for both standard and novel synchronous reluctance motors. Due to the nature of the sinusoidal rotor structure, the 3D Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is utilized to study the electromagnetic parameters of interests. The SynRM with sinusoidal rotor shape results are compared with the standard SynRM without cut-off on the q-axis. The FEA results are validated by means of practical measurements. From both FEA and measured results, it is evident that the novel SynRM enhances the performance indexes of interests such as torque density, torque ripple factor and efficiency

Novel synchronous reluctance motor with sinusoidal rotor lamination shape for less torque ripple contents

Abstract: This paper presents the analysis of a novel Synchronous Reluctance Motor (SynRM), which has an axially sinusoidal rotor lamination shape. The sinusoidal lamination shape is used to vary magnetic flux in the q-axis direction. Therefore, cancelling some torque harmonics produced by stator slotting effects and rotor anisotropy, while maintaining the average torque. The stator of a 5.5 kW, 4-pole, 50 Hz conventional three-phase squirrel cage induction motor, with distributed and chorded by one slot, double layer winding, is used for both standard and novel motors. The Finite Element Analysis (FEM) is used to study the electromagnetic parameters of interests. The FEA results are validated by means of practical measurements. The results obtained from both FEA and practical measurements evidenced that the novel SynRM dropped tremendously the torque ripple contents while still maintained the average torque. The drop in torque ripple contents is mainly due to mitigation of the most dominant torque harmonics caused by stator slotting and rotor anisotropy

Investigation into effects of a novel rotor cut-off design for synchronous reluctance machines

Abstract: This paper presents an investigation into the effects of a novel rotor cut-off design on the performance of a synchronous reluctance machine. The rotor design consists of a sinusoidal lamination shape in the axial direction thereby varying the magnetic flux in the q-axis direction and reducing torque harmonics due to slotting effects. The presented study uses single-factor experimental design, with Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to quantitatively and qualitatively assess the effects of the rotor cut-off on the torque, torque ripple, saliency, power factor and efficiency of the machine. Results of the investigation indicate that although variation in the rotor cut-off design significantly reduces the torque ripple, the effects on the average output torque, saliency, power factor of the machine are relatively insignificant. Index Terms—Synchronous Reluctance Machine; Rotor Design; ANOVA; FEA

Torque ripple minimization in synchronous reluctance motor using a sinusoidal rotor lamination shape

Abstract: A Synchronous Reluctance Motor (SynRM), which has sinusoidal rotor lamination shape in the axial direction, is proposed. The sinusoidal lamination shape is utilized to vary the magnetic flux in the q-axis direction. Therefore, cancelling some torque harmonics produced by slotting effects. The stator geometry of a 1.5 kW, conventional three-phase squirrel cage induction motor, with distributed double layer winding, chorded by one slot, is used for both basic and proposed models. Due to the axial geometry design of sinusoidal lamination shape for the proposed model, 3-D Finite Element Method (FEM) is used for dynamic analysis. From the FEM results, it evidenced that with current vector angle of 45oelectric, the proposed model reduced the torque ripple content by more than 60 % and still maintained the average torque

Purification and immobilization of engineered glucose dehydrogenase: A new approach to producing gluconic acid from breadwaste

Background Platform chemicals are essential to industrial processes. Used as starting materials for the manufacture of diverse products, their cheap availability and efficient sourcing are an industrial requirement. Increasing concerns about the depletion of natural resources and growing environmental consciousness have led to a focus on the economics and ecological viability of bio-based platform chemical production. Contemporary approaches include the use of immobilized enzymes that can be harnessed to produce high-value chemicals from waste. Results In this study, an engineered glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) was optimized for gluconic acid (GA) production. Sulfolobus solfataricus GDH was expressed in Escherichia coli. The Km and Vmax values for recombinant GDH were calculated as 0.87 mM and 5.91 U/mg, respectively. Recombinant GDH was immobilized on a hierarchically porous silica support (MM-SBA-15) and its activity was compared with GDH immobilized on three commercially available supports. MM-SBA-15 showed significantly higher immobilization efficiency (> 98%) than the commercial supports. After 5 cycles, GDH activity was at least 14% greater than the remaining activity on commercial supports. Glucose in bread waste hydrolysate was converted to GA by free-state and immobilized GDH. After the 10th reuse cycle on MM-SBA-15, a 22% conversion yield was observed, generating 25 gGA/gGDH. The highest GA production efficiency was 47 gGA/gGDH using free-state GDH. Conclusions This study demonstrates the feasibility of enzymatically converting BWH to GA: immobilizing GDH on MM-SBA-15 renders the enzyme more stable and permits its multiple reuse

Towards a consolidation of worldwide journal rankings - A classification using random forests and aggregate rating via data envelopment analysis

AbstractThe question of how to assess research outputs published in journals is now a global concern for academics. Numerous journal ratings and rankings exist, some featuring perceptual and peer-review-based journal ranks, some focusing on objective information related to citations, some using a combination of the two. This research consolidates existing journal rankings into an up-to-date and comprehensive list. Existing approaches to determining journal rankings are significantly advanced with the application of a new classification approach, ‘random forests’, and data envelopment analysis. As a result, a fresh look at a publication׳s place in the global research community is offered. While our approach is applicable to all management and business journals, we specifically exemplify the relative position of ‘operations research, management science, production and operations management’ journals within the broader management field, as well as within their own subject domain

Globally invariant metabolism but density-diversity mismatch in springtails.

Soil life supports the functioning and biodiversity of terrestrial ecosystems. Springtails (Collembola) are among the most abundant soil arthropods regulating soil fertility and flow of energy through above- and belowground food webs. However, the global distribution of springtail diversity and density, and how these relate to energy fluxes remains unknown. Here, using a global dataset representing 2470 sites, we estimate the total soil springtail biomass at 27.5 megatons carbon, which is threefold higher than wild terrestrial vertebrates, and record peak densities up to 2 million individuals per square meter in the tundra. Despite a 20-fold biomass difference between the tundra and the tropics, springtail energy use (community metabolism) remains similar across the latitudinal gradient, owing to the changes in temperature with latitude. Neither springtail density nor community metabolism is predicted by local species richness, which is high in the tropics, but comparably high in some temperate forests and even tundra. Changes in springtail activity may emerge from latitudinal gradients in temperature, predation and resource limitation in soil communities. Contrasting relationships of biomass, diversity and activity of springtail communities with temperature suggest that climate warming will alter fundamental soil biodiversity metrics in different directions, potentially restructuring terrestrial food webs and affecting soil functioning