Seawater intrusion control in coastal Washington State

Master of ScienceNatural Resources and EnvironmentUniversity of Michiganhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/114209/1/39015028907411.pd

Aerothermal Performance of a Cooled Winglet at Engine Representative Mach and Reynolds Numbers

This paper presents an experimental investigation of the aerothermal performance of a cooled winglet tip under transonic conditions (exit Mach number of 1.0, and an exit Reynolds number of 1.27 x 106, based on axial chord). Spatially resolved heat transfer data and film cooling effectiveness data are obtained using the transient infrared thermography technique in the Oxford High-Speed Linear Cascade test facility. Aerodynamic loss data are obtained by traversing a specially made and calibrated three-hole pressure probe and a single-hole probe one axial chord downstream of the blade. Detailed contours of Nusselt number show that for an increase in tip clearance, with and without film cooling, and for coolant injection, for both tip clearances, the Nusselt number increases. Also the smaller tip clearance observes higher film cooling effectiveness overall. Detailed distributions of kinetic energy losses as well as pitch-wise averaged loss coefficients and loss coefficients at a mixed-out plane indicate that the size of the loss core associated with the over-tip leakage vortex decreases with cooling injection. © 2013 American Society of Mechanical Engineers

Aero-Thermal Performance of a Cooled Winglet at Engine Representative Mach and Reynolds Numbers

This paper presents an experimental investigation of the aero-thermal performance of a cooled winglet tip, under transonic conditions (exit Mach number of 1.0, and an exit Reynolds number of 1.27×106, based on axial chord). Spatially-resolved heat transfer data and film cooling effectiveness data are obtained using the transient infrared thermography technique in the Oxford High-Speed Linear Cascade test facility. Aerodynamic loss data are obtained by traversing a specially-made and calibrated three-hole pressure probe and a single-hole probe one axial chord downstream of the blade. Detailed contours of Nusselt number show that for an increase in tip clearance, with and without film cooling, and for coolant injection, for both tip clearances, the Nusselt number increases. Also the smaller tip clearance observes higher film cooling effectiveness overall. Detailed distributions of kinetic energy losses as well as pitch-wise averaged loss coefficients and loss coefficients at a mixed-out plane indicate that the size of the loss core associated with the over-tip leakage vortex decreases with cooling injection.</jats:p

AERO-THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF A WINGLET AT ENGINE REPRESENTATIVE MACH AND REYNOLDS NUMBERS

This paper presents an experimental and numerical investigation of the aero-thermal performance of an uncooled winglet tip, under transonic conditions. Spatially-resolved heat transfer data, including winglet tip surface and near tip side walls, are obtained using the transient infrared thermography technique within the Oxford High Speed Linear Cascade test facility. CFD predictions are also conducted using the Rolls-Royce HYDRA suite. Most of the spatial heat transfer variations on the tip surface are well-captured by the CFD solver. The transonic flow pattern and its influence on heat transfer are analyzed, which shows that the turbine blade tip heat transfer is greatly influenced by the shock wave structure inside the tip gap. The effect of the casing relative motion is also numerically investigated. The CFD results indicate that the local heat transfer distribution on the tip is affected by the relative casing motion, but the tip flow choking and shock wave structure within the tip gap still exist in the aft region of the blade. Copyright © 2010 by ASME

NBS Building Science Series, Bulletin 133

Report issued by the National Bureau of Standards over use of the Norris Cotton Federal Building. The report focuses on the energy conservation features of the building. This report includes tables, illustrations, and photographs