Transforming toxic debates towards European futures: Technological disruption, societal fragmentation, and enlightenment 2.0

Online toxicity refers to a spectrum of problematic communicative phenomena that unfold in various ways on social media platforms. Most of the current efforts to contain it focus on computational techniques to detect online toxicity and build a regulatory architecture. In this paper, we highlight the importance of focusing on the social phenomena of toxicity, and particularly, exploring the public understanding and future imaginaries of toxic debates. To explore how users construe online toxicity and envisage the future of online discussions, we examine 41 scenarios produced by European experts from the field of technology and culture. Through a content analysis informed by a narrative approach and insights from futures studies, we identify three myths that characterize the future scenarios: technological disruption, societal fragmentation, and digital Enlightenment. After a discussion of their relations, we conclude by stressing the importance of platform transparency and user empowerment.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Incidence of potato viruses S and X and potato leafroll virus in potatoes in Queensland

In 1986-87, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to test for potato virus S (PVS), potato virus X PVX) and potato leafroll virus (PLRV) in certified potato "seed" obtained from either Victoria or New South Wales. one of the viruses was found in the Victorian "seed", but one out of three samples from New South Wales contained 10% PVS. In similar ELSA tests of tubers harvested from commercial crops in Queensland, PVS and PVX were found in about two-thirds of crops at an overall average level of 3-4%, whereas PLRV occurred in tubers of all crops tested at an average level of 9%. It is concluded that the level of PVS and PVX in certified "seed" and commercia1 crops in Queensland is much lower than was found in a previous survey in 1977-78, and that PLRV is now the most common virus of potatoes in Queensland