An Imperative for Change: Bridging Special and Language Learning Education to Ensure a Free and Appropriate Education in the Least Restrictive Environment for ELLs with Disabilities in Massachusetts

English Language Learners (ELLs) are the fastest-growing group of school-age students in public schools across the nation, and in Massachusetts. In this state, even as the total student enrollment declines slightly, the number of ELLs grows steeply. They number 68,820 in the 2010-2011 school year, an increase of 9,662 from the year before. The number of ELLs identified as also having a disability doubled in Massachusetts (a striking increase of 115.4%) from 2001-2002 to 2010-2011. The proportion of ELLs placed in Special Education has increased by 5 percentage points, from 9.8% to 14.8%. This time period coincides almost exactly with the implementation of Question 2 (a public referendum approved by voters in 2002), which changed the state’s primary Language Learning Education policy from Transitional Bilingual Education to Sheltered English immersion, a language-restrictive policy similar to those in California and Arizona. Misrepresentation of language minorities in Special Education has been a major problem in education for many years in the United States, including Massachusetts

A Pivotal Sponsor in Metabolic Remodeling and an Ally of 3-Mercaptopyruvate Sulfurtransferase (MST) in Cancer

Metabolic remodeling is a critical skill of malignant cells, allowing their survival and spread. The metabolic dynamics and adaptation capacity of cancer cells allow them to escape from damaging stimuli, including breakage or cross-links in DNA strands and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, promoting resistance to currently available therapies, such as alkylating or oxidative agents. Therefore, it is essential to understand how metabolic pathways and the corresponding enzymatic systems can impact on tumor behavior. Cysteine aminotransferase (CAT) per se, as well as a component of the CAT: 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MST) axis, is pivotal for this metabolic rewiring, constituting a central mechanism in amino acid metabolism and fulfilling the metabolic needs of cancer cells, thereby supplying other different pathways. In this review, we explore the current state-of-art on CAT function and its role on cancer cell metabolic rewiring as MST partner, and its relevance in cancer cells' fitness.publishersversionpublishe

druggable targets in cancer

Funding: iNOVA4Health—UID/Multi/04462/, a programme financially supported by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia-Ministério da Educação e Ciência (FCT-MCTES) through national funds.To enable survival in adverse conditions, cancer cells undergo global metabolic adaptations. The amino acid cysteine actively contributes to cancer metabolic remodelling on three different levels: first, in its free form, in redox control, as a component of the antioxidant glutathione or its involvement in protein s-cysteinylation, a reversible post-translational modification; second, as a substrate for the production of hydrogen sulphide (H2S), which feeds the mitochondrial electron transfer chain and mediates per-sulphidation of ATPase and glycolytic enzymes, thereby stimulating cellular bioenergetics; and, finally, as a carbon source for epigenetic regulation, biomass production and energy production. This review will provide a systematic portrayal of the role of cysteine in cancer biology as a source of carbon and sulphur atoms, the pivotal role of cysteine in different metabolic pathways and the importance of H2S as an energetic substrate and signalling molecule. The different pools of cysteine in the cell and within the body, and their putative use as prognostic cancer markers will be also addressed. Finally, we will discuss the pharmacological means and potential of targeting cysteine metabolism for the treatment of cancer.publishersversionpublishe

Bilingual Education and the Law

A public hearing was held before the Joint Committee on Education, Arts and Humanities on May 13, 1999 at the Massachusetts State House. It was Chaired by House Representative Harold Lane and Senator Robert Antonioni. Two House Bills, H3444 sponsored by Representative Mary S. Rogeness and H3441 Sponsored by Ronald Mariano, proposed changes to the Bilingual Education Laws, and one House Bill H3037, sponsored by Antonio F. D. Cabral, Marc Pacheco and Jarret Barrios, prohibited the Board of Education from making certain changes to the Bilingual Education Law. We testified in favor of HB3037 and against HB3444 and HB3441

Aproximaciones a los tipos de personalidad según el Eneagrama

This paper aims to show some of the theoretical review conducted as part of research for the degree of Master in Clinical Psychology and Health at San Marcos National University. This article takes as its axis the Enneagram as a typology of the personality, looking here a first approach to the arguments of who made such a statement, referencing the contributions of George Ivanovitch Gurdjieff, who introduced the Enneagram to the Western world, and Claudio Naranjo, a Chilean psychiatrist considered one of the pioneers of transpersonal psychology, who has provided support to the Enneagram as a tool of personality. Also, not to mention the Father Arnaldo Pangrazzi, religious Camilo, a member of the Associazione Italiana of Enneagramma.Este trabajo pretende mostrar un resumen de la revisión teórica que se realizó como parte de la investigación para optar el Grado de Magister en Psicología Clínica y de la Salud por la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Toma como eje el Eneagrama como una tipología de la personalidad, buscando aquí realizar una primera aproximación a los argumentos de que hicieron posible semejante enunciado, teniendo como referencia los aportes de George Ivanovitch Gurdjieff, quien introdujo el Eneagrama al mundo occidental, y de Claudio Naranjo, psiquiatra chileno considerado uno de los pioneros de la psicología transpersonal, quien ha brindado sustento al Eneagrama como instrumento de la personalidad. Asimismo, sin dejar de mencionar al Padre Arnaldo Pangrazzi, religioso Camilo, miembro de la Asociación Italiana de Eneagrama

Sentinel Case of Candida auris in the Western United States Following Prolonged Occult Colonization in a Returned Traveler from India.

Candida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant yeast with high mortality. We report the sentinel C. auris case on the United States West Coast in a patient who relocated from India. We identified close phylogenetic relatedness to the South Asia clade and ERG11 Y132F and FKS1 S639Y mutations potentially explaining antifungal resistance

Management oriented mathematical modelling of Ria Formosa (South Portugal)

1 - Ria Formosa is a large (c.a. 100 km2) mesotidal lagoon system included in a Natural Park, with large intertidal areas and several uses such as fisheries, aquaculture, tourism and nature conservation. Its watersheds cover an area of approximately 864 km2, with a hydrographic network of small and, mostly, ephemeral rivers. 2 - The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT model) has been applied to the catchments in order to simulate water discharges to Ria Formosa, providing forcing to a two-dimensional vertically integrated model, implemented with EcoDynamo – an object oriented modelling software – including hydrodynamics, water column, sediment biogeochemistry and growth models for some important benthic species. 3 - The main objectives of this work are to: (i) Analyse model performance in the light of available data; (ii) Evaluate the effects of dredging operations and changes in biomass densities of cultivated clams, on lagoon biogeochemistry and water quality. 4 - This work is part of a larger project where many possible management scenarios are being analysed following concerns expressed by the project end-users – Ria Formosa Natural Park authority. 5 - Results obtained so far suggest that bivalve rearing areas are probably being exploited close to their carrying capacity. Furthermore, it is apparent that some improvement on water quality could be achieved by reducing bivalve densities, without significant losses of harvest yields

Investigating memory prefetcher performance over parallel applications: from real to simulated

In recent years, there have been significant advances in the performance of processors, exemplified by the reduction of transistor size and the increase in the number of cores in a processor. Conversely, the memory subsystem did not advance as significantly as processors, not being able to deliver data at the required rate, and creating what is known as the memory wall [1]. An example of a technology used to mitigate the memory latency is the prefetcher, a technique that identifies access patterns from each core, creates speculative memory requests, and fetches data that can be potentially useful to the cache beforehand. In High-Performance Computing (HPC) systems, many other problems arise with parallelism. Since HPC applications are highly parallel, with many threads communicating with one another mainly through shared memory, it becomes necessary to keep data coherence in the several cache levels. Moreover, the memory interactions among different threads may also unpredictably change the data path through the memory hierarchy. When considering the memory hierarchy complexity along with prefetcher action, the behavior of the processor’s memory subsystem reaches a new level of complexity. In this work, we seek to shed light on how the prefetcher affects the processing performance of parallel HPC applications, and how accurately state-of-the-art multicore architecture simulators are simulating the execution of such applications, with and without prefetcher. We identify that an L2 cache prefetcher is more efficient in comparison with an L1 prefetcher, since avoiding excessive L3 cache accesses better contributes to performance, when comparing to accessing the L2 cache. Moreover, we show evidence that the prefetchers’ contribution to performance is limited by the memory contention that emerges when the level of parallelism increases

AS RELAÇÕES COMERCIAIS ENTRE RÚSSIA E UNIÃO EUROPEIA E OS IMPACTOS DA CRISE NA UCRÂNIA

O presente artigo tem como objetivos principais traçar um panorama das relações comerciais entre União Europeia (UE) e Rússia na última década e analisar os impactos das sanções econômicas aplicadas em 2014 entre as partes em decorrência da crise ucraniana, partindo da análise descritiva de séries de dadosprimários e de pronunciamentos oficiais. A hipótese é de que as sanções tiveram efeitos negativos sobre as relações comerciais entre Rússia e UE, o que é validado pelos dados empíricos. Conclui-se que a alta interdependência entre a economia russa e a europeia impede a aplicação de sanções amplas, que tenham um impacto incontornável nessas economias. Assim, as sanções atuais não têm poder coercitivo alto o bastante para cumprir o objetivo a que se propõem: coagir a Rússia ou mesmo a UE a fim de resolver o conflito na Ucrânia

QED self-energy contribution to highly-excited atomic states

We present numerical values for the self-energy shifts predicted by QED (Quantum Electrodynamics) for hydrogenlike ions (nuclear charge $60 \le Z \le 110$) with an electron in an $n=3$, 4 or 5 level with high angular momentum ($5/2\le j \le 9/2$). Applications include predictions of precision transition energies and studies of the outer-shell structure of atoms and ions.Comment: 20 pages, 5 figure