The use of port state measures as a tool of combating illegal unreported unregulated fishing: Is there a need for expansion of coastal state jurisdiction?

This dissertation examines the scope and limitations of port state jurisdiction with respect to the enforcement of international conservation and management measures established under international and national instruments. The current fisheries regulatory regimes rely primarily on flag states to enforce these measures against foreign vessels. The aim of this dissertation is to recommend an expansion of port state enforcement jurisdiction over foreign vessels when fishing in the high seas. The expansion of port state jurisdiction supplements the role of flag states in enforcing the provisions of international conventions and agreements applicable in the high seas and also fills in where flag of convenience fishing vessels have failed to do so. To support this view, the dissertation will compare the issue of illegal unreported unregulated fishing with the issue of marine pollution. The significance of this comparison is to show how provisions in regard to marine pollution, have legitimized the expansion of port state jurisdiction to the extent that port states have enforcement jurisdiction over foreign flagged vessels which violate the provisions of LOSC relating to marine pollution in the high seas

On the relation between low-energy constants and resonance saturation

Although there are phenomenological indications that the low-energy constants in the chiral lagrangian may be understood in terms of a finite number of hadronic resonances, it remains unclear how this follows from QCD. One of the arguments usually given is that low-energy constants are associated with chiral symmetry breaking, while QCD perturbation theory suggests that at high energy chiral symmetry is unbroken, so that only low-lying resonances contribute to the low-energy constants. We revisit this argument in the limit of large Nc, discussing its validity in particular for the low-energy constant L8, and conclude that QCD may be more subtle that what this argument suggests. We illustrate our considerations in a simple Regge-like model which also applies at finite Nc.Comment: 15 pages, one figur

Tipificació de dos noms Cavanillesians, Galium Fruticescens (Rubiaceae) i Scorzonera pumila (Compositae)

The Cavanillesian names Galium fruticescens and Scorzonera pumila, basionym of Launaea pumila, are lectotypified from original specimens preserved in the Cavanilles herbarium in the Royal Botanic Garden of Madrid (MA).Els noms cavanillesians Galium fruticescens i Scorzonera pumila, basiònim de Launaea pumila, són lectotipificats a partir d’espècimens que pertanyen al material original de l’autor conservat a l’herbari del Reial Jardí Botànic de Madrid (MA)

Matrix Elements of Electroweak Penguin Operators in the 1/Nc Expansion

It is shown that the K -> pi pi matrix elements of the four-quark operator Q_7, generated by the electroweak penguin-like diagrams of the Standard Model, can be calculated to first non-trivial order in the chiral expansion and in the 1/Nc expansion. Although the resulting B factors B_7^(1/2) and B_7^(3/2) are found to depend only logarithmically on the matching scale, mu, their actual numerical values turn out to be rather sensitive to the precise choice of mu in the GeV region. We compare our results to recent numerical evaluations from lattice-QCD and to other model estimates.Comment: 10 pages, LateX, two figures (inserted). Improved comparison with the lattice results. Results unchange

An example of resonance saturation at one loop

We argue that the large-Nc expansion of QCD can be used to treat a Lagrangian of resonances in a perturbative way. As an illustration of this we compute the L_10 coupling of the Chiral Lagrangian by integrating out resonance fields at one loop. Given a Lagrangian and a renormalization scheme, this is how in principle one can answer in a concrete and unambiguous manner questions such as at what scale resonance saturation takes place.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures. Enlarged discussion, results unchanged. To be published in Phys. Rev.

Decay of pseudoscalars into lepton pairs and large-Nc QCD

The counterterm combination that describes the decay of pseudoscalar mesons into charged lepton pairs at lowest order in chiral perturbation theory is considered within the framework of QCD in the limit of a large number of colours Nc. When further restricted to the lowest meson dominance approximation to large-Nc QCD, our results agree well with the available experimental data.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure

Nuevo endemismo marroquí: Sideritis cirujanoi, sp. nov.

4 p., il.[EN]A new species, Sideritis cirujanoi Romo, Stübing, Roselló & Peris (Lamiaceae), from the Riff range (northern Morocco), is described[ES]Se describe una nueva eSfecie, Sideritis cirujanoi Romo, Stübing, Roselló & Peris (Lamiaceae), de las montañas del Rif (norte de Marruecos).Peer reviewe

A relativistic chiral quark model for pseudoscalar emission from heavy mesons

The amplitudes for one-pion mediated transitions between heavy meson excited states are obtained in the framework of the relativistic chiral quark model. The effective coupling constants to pions and the decay widths of excited heavy mesons with l<=2 for non-radially excited, and the l=0 radially excited mesons are presented for both charmed and beauty mesons. We also discuss the allowed decays of strange excited heavy mesons by emission of a K-meson.Comment: 20 pages, revte

Considerations on the two Cavanillesian types

Es discuteix el tipus nomenclatural d’Antirrhinum tenellum (Plantaginaceae) i Genista patens (Leguminosae). El nom cavanillesià Antirrhinum tenellum és tipificat a partir d’un espècimen pertanyent al material original, conservat a l’herbari de Cavanilles del Real Jardí Botànic de Madrid (MA). Es proposa esmenar la “lectotipificació” de Genista patens i es proposa l’ús del terme holòtip per designar el material disponible.The nomenclatural types of Antirrhinum tenellum (Plantaginaceae) and Genista patens (Leguminosae) are discussed. The cavanillesian name Antirrhinum tenellum is typified from an original specimen preserved in the Cavanilles’s herbarium in the Royal Botanic Garden of Madrid (MA). The previous “lectotypification” of Genista patens is commented upon, and the use of the term holotype is proposed to designate the available material

High Energy Theorems at Large-N

Sum rules for products of two, three and four QCD currents are derived using chiral symmetry at infinite momentum in the large-N limit. These exact relations among meson decay constants, axialvector couplings and masses determine the asymptotic behavior of an infinite number of QCD correlators. The familiar spectral function sum rules for products of two QCD currents are among the relations derived. With this precise knowledge of asymptotic behavior, an infinite number of large-N QCD correlators can be constructed using dispersion relations. A detailed derivation is given of the exact large-N pion vector form factor and forward pion-pion scattering amplitudes.Comment: 34 pages TeX and mtexsis.tex, 10 figures (uses epsf