Influences of the circular economy in industrial engineering

Abstract Epoxy resins are some of the best-performing resins currently available on the industrial market. By adding additional filler materials (glass, porcelain), the epoxy resin acquires superior mechanic and thermal properties. The areas in which epoxy resins are used are multiple: metal coating, electronics and electrotechnics, manufacture of paints and adhesives, obtaining plastics with special properties or in construction. Epoxy paints are used indoors because they are UV-sensitive (they get the appearance of chalk) on the outside. However, they are very good as corrosion-resistant primer and very good protection against water and humidity. That is why they are used as a first layer in the automotive or shipbuilding industry. Epoxy adhesives are very resistant and are used in many areas: airplane, car, bicycle construction. Therefore, when making the frame to pour a resin, it should be taken into account that there are few materials that do not stick very well.</jats:p

Comparative analysis of self-stimulatory behaviors in ASD and ADHD

Introduction The phenomenon of self-stimulatory behaviors, commonly referred to as “stimming,” presents a fascinating avenue of exploration within the context of neurodevelopmental disorders. While stimming behaviors are widely associated with ASD, there is emerging evidence suggesting that individuals with ADHD may also engage in similar behaviors. This study seeks to undertake a comprehensive investigation of the neurophenomenology of stimming in individuals diagnosed with ASD and ADHD, aiming to discern potential shared and distinctive characteristics. Objectives The principal objective of this research is to conduct an intricate neurophenomenological analysis of stimming behaviors in cohorts diagnosed with ASD (n=60) and ADHD (n=60), with a concurrent control group of neurotypical individuals (n=60). The study aspires to delineate the prevalence, typology, and neurophysiological underpinnings of stimming behaviors in both ASD and ADHD populations. Moreover, this study endeavors to identify whether particular stimming behaviors exhibit differential prevalence or intensity between the two disorders. Methods Participants underwent rigorous neurophenomenological assessments, incorporating structured interviews, validated self-report questionnaires and direct observations. Diagnostic confirmation was established through the administration of gold-standard instruments, such as the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-2) for ASD and the Conners’ Parent Rating Scale for ADHD. Stimming behaviors were meticulously categorized (e.g., motor, vocal, sensory) and scrutinized for quantitative metrics, including frequency, duration, and complexity. Results Preliminary analyses have uncovered profound disparities in the manifestation of stimming behaviors between ASD and ADHD cohorts. Individuals with ASD displayed a significantly higher prevalence of stimming behaviors, with motor stimming predominating, followed by vocal and sensory manifestations. In contrast, individuals with ADHD exhibited a comparatively reduced frequency and intensity of stimming, primarily within the motor domain, albeit notably less elaborate. Control group participants exhibited a negligible occurrence of stimming behaviors. Conclusions This multidimensional exploration illuminates the nuanced neurophenomenological distinctions in self-stimulatory behaviors between ASD and ADHD. Stimming emerges as a pivotal feature in ASD, while its presence in ADHD, though discernible, is markedly attenuated. This study’s findings hold implications for precise diagnostic delineation and the prospect of personalized interventions for these complex neurodevelopmental conditions. Future avenues of research may delve into the neural substrates underpinning stimming behaviors, further enhancing our comprehension of these phenomena. Disclosure of Interest None Declare

The uncharted territory of female adult ADHD: a comprehensive review

Introduction Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), once considered a predominantly childhood condition, has increasingly gained recognition as a prevalent and clinically significant concern among adult women. They often display a distinctive symptom profile characterized by high levels of inattention, emotional dysregulation, and difficulties in executive functioning. Diagnosis of female adult ADHD is frequently complicated by gender bias in traditional diagnostic criteria, which may fail to account for the unique ways in which women manifest the disorder. Objectives This comprehensive literature review aims to characterize the unique symptomatology of female adult ADHD, including variations in inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, as well as the presence of emotional dysregulation. It also seeks to explore the diagnostic challenges stemming from gender bias in diagnostic criteria and the role of comorbidity in diagnostic complexity. Additionally, the review assesses the broad spectrum of functional impairments experienced by adult women with ADHD, spanning academic, occupational, interpersonal, and emotional domains. Methods This literature review comprises a systematic examination of published research articles, clinical studies, and relevant academic literature addressing female adult ADHD. A comprehensive search strategy involving electronic databases, including PubMed, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar, was employed to identify peer-reviewed articles published between 2000 and 2023. The selected studies underwent critical appraisal for quality and relevance to the review’s objectives. Results The synthesis of existing literature reveals that female adult ADHD presents a distinctive clinical picture characterized by a higher prevalence of inattention, emotional dysregulation, and comorbid conditions such as mood and anxiety disorders. Diagnostic challenges arise from gender bias in diagnostic criteria and the absence of overt hyperactivity, often leading to delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis. Functional impairments extend to academic, occupational, interpersonal, and emotional domains, affecting the overall quality of life for affected individuals. Gender-specific factors, including societal expectations and biases in healthcare evaluation, contribute to diagnostic disparities and hinder timely access to appropriate interventions. Conclusions The literature review underscores the critical need for enhanced recognition, understanding, and tailored support for female adults with ADHD. The distinct symptomatology, diagnostic complexities, functional impairments, and gender-specific factors contribute to a multifaceted clinical landscape. Advancing gender-sensitive diagnostic criteria, increasing awareness among healthcare professionals, and developing interventions that address the unique needs of this population are essential steps toward improving the quality of life and outcomes for female adults with ADHD. Disclosure of Interest None Declare

Use of the Ishikawa diagram in the investigation of some industrial processes

Abstract The use of the Ishikawa diagram was proposed by Japanese professor Kaoru Ishikawa in the 1960s. The diagram must highlight the possible causes of a certain effect. In the research presented in this paper, the analysis method based on the design of the Ishikawa diagram was used to identify the factors able to ensure the adequate development of some investigations concerning certain industrial processes. It was found that various criteria could be used to evaluate the effect. Versions of Ishikawa diagrams were proposed in the cases of chemical engraving process, cast iron milling process, 3D printing process and the reliability of computer subsystems, respectively. A comparison of the Ishikawa diagram method with the systemic analysis method highlighted some particular aspects that could be considered when the problem of investigating the influence of certain process input factors on the process output parameters is formulated.</jats:p

Analysis as the starting point for the development of scientific research

Abstract The development of scientific research in a given field requires firstly an analysis of the known aspects found in a certain connection with the problem to solve. There are distinct analysis scientific methods that are able to systematically highlight the current level of the known information in a given field and to offer suggestions for the problem-solving. A short presentation of some such analysis scientific methods was approached in this paper. As proper analysis methods, the systemic analysis, the SWOT analysis, the Ishikawa diagram, the ideas diagram analysis, and the axiomatic design were taken into consideration. A comparison of these analysis methods facilitated the emphasis of some common and distinct aspects specific to these analysis methods.</jats:p

Elaboration of the initial requirements in the design activities

Abstract In solving the design problems, the initial requirements’ clear statement significantly affects the design process’s final result. Right from when the design problems are identified, the main requirements must be defined so that the final product meets the designed equipment requirements. Designers noted that design requirements do not have equal significance, and different solutions have been proposed to consider their weight in terms of end-use properties. The weighting can be achieved by simpler and operative methods and by more detailed methods of analysis. The paper approaches the problem of using the double input matrix method for weighting the functional requirements when discussing the problem of designing equipment to investigate the behavior of a computer component when the environment temperature is different compared to the normal temperature. The functional requirements assessment could provide an overview of the financial resources that could be invested in components to adequately meet the functional requirements. A first version of the tracked equipment was designed so that the previously established functional requirements are met.</jats:p