The electrochemical behavior of commercial clarithromycin and spectroscopic detection of its structural changes

The aim of the present study was to examine the behavior of commercial clarithromycin, Clathrocyn (R), comparing to the results previously obtained using pure clarithromycin under the same experimental conditions. The study was performed by cyclic linear sweep voltammetry and the bulk of electrolyte was analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy and HPLC. At gold electrode, in the range of -1.2 V to 1.0 V vs. SCE in 0.05 M NaHCO3, the electrochemical determination of pure clarithromycin was previously defined by four anodic and one cathodic reproductive peaks, and commercial clarithromycin is defined by reproductive one anodic peak which appears from 0.60 to 0.80 V vs. SCE. Previously, FTIR analysis of the bulk electrolyte showed the apparent changes in pure clarithromycin molecule structure: in the ester bond of the lactone and in ethers and acetal bonds. FTIR analysis of the bulk electrolyte also showed changes in the molecule structure in commercial-tablets form of clarithromycin: indicating disappearance of lactone structure and changes of carbonyl group at position 9

Degradation of azithromycin using Ti/RuO2 anode as catalyst followed by DPV, HPLC-UV and MS analysis

The electrodegradation of azithromycin was studied by its indirect oxidation using dimensionally stable Ti/RuO2 anode as catalyst in the electrolyte containing methanol, 0.05 M NaHCO3, sodium chloride and deionized water. The optimal conditions for galvanostatic electrodegradation for the azithromycin concentration of 0.472 mg cm(-3) were found to be NaCl concentration of 7 mg cm(-3) and the applied current of 300 mA. The differential pulse voltammetry using glassy carbon electrode was performed for the first time in the above-mentioned content of electrolyte for the nine concentration of azithromycin (0.075-0.675 mg cm(-3)) giving the limits of azithromycin detection and of quantification as: LOD 0.044 mg cm(-3) and LOQ 0.145 mg cm(-3). The calibration curve was constructed enabling the electrolyte analysis during its electrodegradation process. The electrolyte was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The electrooxidation products were identified and after 180 min there was no azithromycin in the electrolyte while TOC analysis showed that 79% of azithromycin was mineralized. The proposed degradation scheme is presented