An experimental study of the near wake of a two-dimensional hypersonic blunt body with mass addition

An experimental investigation of the steady, laminar near-wake flow field of a two-dimensional, adiabatic, circular cylinder with surface mass transfer has been made at a free-stream Mach number of 6.0. The pressure and mass-concentration fields associated with the transfer of argon, nitrogen or helium into the near wake were studied for mass transfer from the forward stagnation region, and from the base. For sufficiently low mass transfer rates from the base, for which a recirculating zone exists, the entire near-wake flow field correlates with the momentum flux, not the mass flux, of the injectant, and the mass-concentration field is determined by counter-current diffusion into the reversed flow. For mass addition from the forward stagnation region, the pressure field is undisturbed and the mass-concentration field is nearly uniform in the region of reversed flow. The axial decay of argon mass concentration in the intermediate wake, downstream of the neck, is explained with the aid of an integral solution in the incompressible plane, from which the location of the virtual origin for the asymptotic far-wake solution has been derived as one result

Transmission FT-IR Chemical Imaging on Glass Substrates: Applications in Infrared Spectral Histopathology

Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) chemical imaging in transmission mode has traditionally been performed on expensive mid-IR transparent windows such as barium/calcium fluoride, which are more fragile than glass, making preparation in the histopathology laboratories more cumbersome. A solution is presented here by using cheap glass substrates for the FT-IR chemical imaging, which has a high-wavenumber transmission window allowing measurement of the C-H, N-H, and O-H stretches occurring at ca. 2500-3800 cm-1. The "fingerprint" region of the IR spectrum occurring below 1800 cm -1 is not obtainable; however, we demonstrate that a wealth of information is contained in the high wavenumber range using 71 patients on a breast tissue microarray (TMA) as a model for investigation. Importantly, we demonstrate that the tissue can be classified into four basic tissue cell types and that using just the epithelial cells, reasonable discrimination of normal and malignant tissue can be found. © 2014 American Chemical Society