Gold Mine Wooden Artefacts: Multianalytical Investigations for the Selection of Appropriate Consolidation Treatments

Environmental conditions present in mines generally are very favourable to decay; high temperature, high humidity, variable oxygen content, numerous metal-wood connections and the presence of a high content of inorganic compounds typical of mines have a significant impact on the biotic and abiotic degradation factors. The state of conservation of wooden artefacts from the Zloty Stok (Poland) gold mine was investigated using a multi-analytical approach. The aim was to select the conservation treatments that would stop decay and improve the conditions and dimensional stability of the wood. FT-IR and Py-GC/MS were used to assess the state of preservation of lignocellulosic material. ED-XRF and SEM-EDS were used to determine-and XRD to identify crystalline phases-salts and minerals in the wood structure or efflorescence on the surface. Highly degraded lignocellulosic material that had undergone depolymerisation and oxidation was found to be severely contaminated by iron-based mineral substances, mainly pyrite, and in some cases greigite and magnetite. The presence of inorganic salts made it difficult to choose the best consolidating material to reduce the level of decay and improve the dimensional stability of the wood

The influence of added rye chromosomes on physical properties of kernels of addition lines T.aestivum Grana - S.cereale Dankowskie Zlote

The paper concerns the influence of added rye chromosomes on physical properties of kernels of the addition lines T. eastivum Grana - S. cereale Dańkowskie Złote 1R", 2R", 3R", 3RS", 4R", 5R", 6R", and 6RL", as well as initial forms: wheat cv. Grana, rye cv. Dańkowskie Złote and octoploid triticale Grana × Dańkowskie Złote. Kernels from each form, were analysed for the following features: basic geometric dimensions of kernels, 100-kernel weight and kernel volume; surface roughness, index of kernel damage and mechanical strength (determined by maximum force, force within elasticity limits, maximum deformation, elastic deformation, energy causing deterioration of kernel structure). Wheat lines with added rye chromosomes differed from one another and from the initial form wheat cv. Grana in basic geometric dimensions. The lines 6R" and 6RL" had a distinctly higher 100-kernel weight and kernel volume than their initial forms. All the addition lines and octoploid triticale were characterised by markedly higher indices of external damages than the wheat cv. Grana. The mechanical strength of addition line kernels also varied considerably

Ocena zroznicowania niektorych cech ekotypow Dactylis glomerata L. z kolekcji w Elizowce kolo Lublina

W pracy przedstawiono rezultaty waloryzacji ekotypów kupkówki pospolitej, zgromadzonych w kolekcji zlokalizowanej w Rolniczym Zakładzie Doświadczalnym w Elizówce koło Lublina. Badania prowadzono w latach 1988-1991 i uwzględniono w nich takie cechy jak: plony, liczba pędów wegetatywnych i generatywnych, wysokość roślin, długość kwiatostanów, długość i szerokość blaszek liściowych oraz elementy fenologii, przezimowanie i porażenie roślin chorobami. Zebrane ekotypy stanowią bogate źródło materiałów do hodowli nowych odmian. Najmniejszy współczynnik zmienności stwierdzono w przypadku zróżnicowania fenologicznego ekotypów, zaś największa zmienność dotyczyła liczby pędów w kępie.Valorization results of the Dactylis glomerata L. ecotypes collected at Eli- zówka Agricultural Experimental Station (near Lublin) were presented. The studies were carried out in 1988-1991 covering such traits as: yields, number of vegetative and generative shoots, plant height, inflorescence length, length and width of leaf blades as well as phenology elements, winter survival and infection by plant diseases. Collected ecotypes are the valuable source of material for breeding new varieties. The least variability coefficient was found for ecotype phenological differentiation while the highest was reffered to the number of shoots in the cluster