Schrottvorwaermung und Nachverbrennung bei der Elektrostahlerzeugung Auszug aus dem Schlussbericht. T. 1

SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: RA 3271(2.32.001) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekEuropean Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), Luxembourg (Luxembourg)DEGerman

Monitoring the Environmental and Energy Impacts of Electric Arc Furnace Steelmaking

The problem of rating the environmental impact of industrial plants has been widely studied in recent years with a specific focus on CO2 emission and energy consumption. On the contrary, only limited attention has been paid to the evaluation of the resource efficiency and overall environmental impact of industrial plants. This paper presents the first results of the research project entitled “Environmental Impact Evaluation and Effective Management of Resources in the EAF Steelmaking” (EIRES), which aims at a plant-oriented approach with an internal reporting of environmental and energy issues. For this purpose, several Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) have been selected both from literature and operational practices, which can be easily interpreted by plant operators and managers. Furthermore a software tool has been implemented which allows to follow the evolution of these KPIs over time. The tool is not intended to compare the environmental performance of different companies, but to provide a practical support to the personnel of each single steelwork, in order to have an updated overview on the way the processes in the plant are operated from an environmental perspective and in order to identify measures and modifications of operational practices allowing to lower the environmental footprint of the production cycle

Environmental Impact Evaluation for effective resource Management in EAF Steelmaking

The assessment of the environmental impact of steelworks has been intensively discussed in the last decades, especially focusing on CO2 emissions and energy consumptions. Nowadays an increasing attention is paid to the evaluation of the resource efficiency and overall environmental impact; some work groups also focused on the development of various eco-efficiency indicators. ISO Standards are available for the environmental management system (ISO14000) and for GHG emission quantification (ISO14064) together with the Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS). However, a practical and comprehensive metric to quantify and monitor the different aspects contributing to the overall resource efficiency especially of an electric steelmaking is not yet available. The paper presents first results of the currently running research project entitled "Environmental Impact Evaluation and Effective Management of Resources in the EAF Steelmaking" (EIRES), which receives funding by the Research Fund for Coal and Steel (RFCS). Within this project several Key Performance Indicators were selected in order to monitor the environmental performance of the whole steelmaking process in terms of energy consumption, water and air emissions, by-products and waste management. A tool was implemented in order to follow the temporal evolution of these KPIs on both real and simulated data, and suitable simulation models have been developed for scenario analyses

Improving energy and resource efficiency of electric steelmaking through simulation tools and process data analyses

The European Steel industry is ever more committed to improve the socio-economic and environmental sustainability of its processes by promoting any development, which can increase resource efficiency and lower the environmental footprint of the steel production. The European Steel Technology Platform gives the highest priority to the topic of Sustainable Steel Production within its Strategic Research Agenda since 2013. Several projects have been developed both at corporate level, as well as by associations of companies and research institutions in order to investigate new processes, retrofit actions and apply innovative combinations of existing technologies that can allow to improve the energy and resource efficiency and the management of by-products, waste and wastewater. However, it is still difficult for process managers and plant engineers to find accessible tools to both analyze the process data and to perform scenario analyses aimed at evaluating in a practical and understandable manner the effect of innovations in terms of new technologies or novel procedures and operative practices. Within the research RFCS project entitled ”Environmental Impact Evaluation and Effective Management of Resources in the EAF Steelmaking – EIRES” (where EAF stands for Electric Arc Furnace), an integrated tool has been developed, which allows to evaluate the environmental impact of current operating practices, modified operating conditions and major process variations and innovations, thanks to process simulation models for both production processes and auxiliary equipment. Also a dedicated Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is linked to the simulation models in order to provide a further evaluation from the specific LCA perspective. The paper is focused on the description of the developed integrated scenario analysis tool, which includes both process modelling and metrics tools, and to depict some examples of its application for process data analyses and scenario simulations

Physics-Based Modeling of Electric Operation, Heat Transfer, and Scrap Melting in an AC Electric Arc Furnace

Electric arc furnaces (EAF) are complex industrial plants whose actual behavior depends upon numerous factors. Due to its energy intensive operation, the EAF process has always been subject to optimization efforts. For these reasons, several models have been proposed in literature to analyze and predict different modes of operation. Most of these models focused on the processes inside the vessel itself. The present paper introduces a dynamic, physics-based model of a complete EAF plant which consists of the four subsystems vessel, electric system, electrode regulation, and off-gas system. Furthermore the solid phase is not treated to be homogenous but a simple spatial discretization is employed. Hence it is possible to simulate the energy input by electric arcs and fossil fuel burners depending on the state of the melting progress. The model is implemented in object-oriented, equation-based language Modelica. The simulation results are compared to literature data