Lingkungan Rumah dan Kejadian Difteri di Kabupaten Tasikmalaya dan Kabupaten Garut

The recent diphtheria outbreak occurred in Tasikmalaya and Garut Districts caused 55 cases and 15 deaths in Tasikmalaya and 17 cases and 2 deaths in Garut had CFR of 11.76% and AR of 1.5%. This study aimed at investigating the relationship between house environment and that diphtheria outbreak. The study has case-control design with case is defined as child aged 1-15 years old who had diphtheria or act as diphtheria carrier based on clinical diagnostic and laboratory test. Control is defined as child with similar age range to cases without diphtheria and non-carrier. Data was collected through structured interview to the mothers of subject using questionnaire. The multivariate analysis showed that bedroom density (p=0.003, OR=15.778), humidity level in the house (p=0.041, OR=18.672), type of house floor (p=0.003, OR=15.790), source of infection (p=0.001, OR=20.821), immunization status (p=0.000, OR=46.403) and mother's knowledge (p=0.007, OR=9.826) are significantly related to diphtheria outbreak. The most dominant factor is incomplete DPT and DT immunization status (OR=46.403 ). It is suggested that Health Offices in Tasikmalaya and Garut districts to increase their complete DPT and DT immunization coverage, to increase knowledge on immunization and diphtheria among mothers and to improve the house environment quality

ETHNOMATHEMATICS THOUGHT AND ITS INFLUENCE IN MATHEMATICAL LEARNING

Mathematics is a symbol of rationality and the highest intellectual achievements of human civilization. Mathematics has always been seen as abstract and formal knowledge. However, in the last few decades, the idea has emerged that mathematics is a knowledge that develops in human cultural activities. The concept of mathematics in culture is widely known as ethnomathematics. This paper aims to briefly describe the history, criticism, and challenges of ethnomathematics, the thoughts of ethnomathematics experts, and their influence in learning mathematics today. The development of ethnomathematics gave rise to a field of study covering aspects of anthropology and the history of mathematics, non-formal mathematics practice, traditional mathematics, and multicultural learning. Various research results indicate that ethnomathematics contributes to improving school mathematics. Although culture has an important role in learning mathematics, to integrate it requires comprehensive efforts to overcome various obstacles. Teachers need to improve competencies related to understanding local culture to maximize the transformation of ethnomathematics learning in the classroom

Pengembangan Sistem Diagnosis Kognitif Fisika Online Untuk SMP

The need for this study stems from the accumulation of non-tuntasan learn physics due to the integration of assessment with learning in school. The formulation of the problem is how to develop an online assessment system for the diagnosis of cognitive junior physics using computerized adaptive testing (CAT) in order to facilitate the realization of assessment for learning in school? While the goal is to design and build a prototype system question bank and online cognitive diagnostic assessment using CAT for junior high school Physics. Development is done using the system development life cycle (SDLC) and a checklist to identify the data on compliance with specifications question bank, a prototype system assessment, cognitive diagnosis report, and revised prototype. Exploratory descriptive approach shows that with open source technologies potentially resulting product can be run on the network to the Internet or local computer networks in schools. Physics problem decomposed into components of problemsolving as measured by two 2-tier multiple choice items. Problems (testlet) packaged in modules that are presented to the user is adaptive to the user's level of cognitive ability. Cognitive profile of qualitative and quantitative diagnosis of the resulting constructive learning process for improvement. Prototype results of this study can be accessed at: http://aku-bisa.com

The Empowerment of Households Towards Independence Through Social Capital in Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH)

This research aims to reveal 1) The Role of Program Keluarga Harapan or known as PKH (Family of Hope Program) in empowering beneficiary households or known as KPM (Keluarga Penerima Manfaat), 2) The Role of Social Capital in realizing the independence of KPM-PKH in Sukoharjo district, Central Java Province, Indonesia. This research was qualitative by using a case study approach. The determination of informants used a purposive sampling technique. The informants were eight beneficiary households and four key informants they were the Head of Sukoharjo district office of the Ministry of Social Services, coordinator of Sukoharjo district, PKH supervisor, PKH facilitator, and two key informants to support any information. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The data were analyzed into three stages; data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The data were verified by observation and source triangulation and time. The result showed that 1) The Role of PKH in empowering the beneficiary households by providing social assistance, strengthening by the regular meeting of Family Development Session, known as P2K2 (Pertemuan Peningkatan Kemampuan Keluarga), strengthening by PKH cooperative, and joint business group, known as KUBE (Kelompok Usaha Bersama), 2) The Role of social capital to build independence of KPM-PKH by adopting cultural values, trust, reciprocity, participation, communication system, and venture networks of beneficiary households. This is caused by the relevance of social bonding, social bridging and social linking carried out by KPM-PKH. To conclude, livelihoods choice of KPM-PKH by employing social capital becomes strategic and productive opportunities to empower independence among poor households as beneficiary of PKH

The Dynamics Of Wet Rice Field Farming- System Orientation In Blitar And Tulungagung Districts, East Java

Pertanian yang dilakukan di lahan sawah tidaklah statis, tetapi terus berubah dan beradaptasi dalamlingkungn yang ada. Penentuan jenis komoditas yang dipilih oleh petani termasuk mengkombinasikan tanamandan ternak dalam USAhataninya terus dilakukan. Dinamika USAhatani dalam upaya pemenuhan kebutuhanrumahtangga petani terus mengalami perkembangan. Pengkajian yang dilakukan di beberapa lokasi daerah sawahdi dua kabupaten yaitu Blitar dan Tulungagung, Jawa Timur pada musim tanam 2000/2001 memperlihatkanbeberapa hal menarik. Sektor peternakan serta perikanan telah menjadi pilihan utama bagi petani di lokasi studidan mulai menggeser komoditas dominan seperti tanaman pangan dan hortikultura. Hal tersebut dapat dilihat darikepemilikan asset, alokasi curahan waktu kerja dan struktur sumber pendapatan rumahtangga yang menunjukkanperan subsektor peternakan cukup dominan. Perubahan orientasi dan dinamika USAhatani yang terjadimemperlihatkan adanya keinginan kuat dari petani untuk terus menjaga keseimbangan dan keberlanjutan USAhatanimereka. Untuk kasus di Blitar dan Tulungagung Perubahan tersebut dengan lebih mengandalkan subsektorpeternakan di masa yang akan datang.Kata kunci : lahan sawah, orientasi USAhatani, struktur pendapatan Lowland agriculture practice is dynamic and changes overtime in accordance with environmentalsettings. The farmers determine optimal combination of crops and livestock and it is carried out to achievemaximal households' income. The study was implemented in lowland areas of Blitar and Tulungagung districts,East Java province on planting season of 2000/2001. The farmers preferred livestock and fishery sub sectors ratherthan previous dominant commodities, such as food crops and horticulture. Assets ownership, labor allocation, andstructure of households' income sources showed that the role of livestock sub sector was relatively dominant.Orientation changes and dynamics of farming system revealed that the farmers kept sustaining their farm business.Especially in Blitar and Tulungagung districts, changes in farming system orientation rely on livestock sub sectorin the future

THE DYNAMICS OF WET RICE FIELD FARMING- SYSTEM ORIENTATION IN BLITAR AND TULUNGAGUNG DISTRICTS, EAST JAVA

Pertanian yang dilakukan di lahan sawah tidaklah statis, tetapi terus berubah dan beradaptasi dalamlingkungn yang ada. Penentuan jenis komoditas yang dipilih oleh petani termasuk mengkombinasikan tanamandan ternak dalam usahataninya terus dilakukan. Dinamika usahatani dalam upaya pemenuhan kebutuhanrumahtangga petani terus mengalami perkembangan. Pengkajian yang dilakukan di beberapa lokasi daerah sawahdi dua kabupaten yaitu Blitar dan Tulungagung, Jawa Timur pada musim tanam 2000/2001 memperlihatkanbeberapa hal menarik. Sektor peternakan serta perikanan telah menjadi pilihan utama bagi petani di lokasi studidan mulai menggeser komoditas dominan seperti tanaman pangan dan hortikultura. Hal tersebut dapat dilihat darikepemilikan asset, alokasi curahan waktu kerja dan struktur sumber pendapatan rumahtangga yang menunjukkanperan subsektor peternakan cukup dominan. Perubahan orientasi dan dinamika usahatani yang terjadimemperlihatkan adanya keinginan kuat dari petani untuk terus menjaga keseimbangan dan keberlanjutan usahatanimereka. Untuk kasus di Blitar dan Tulungagung perubahan tersebut dengan lebih mengandalkan subsektorpeternakan di masa yang akan datang.Kata kunci : lahan sawah, orientasi usahatani, struktur pendapatan Lowland agriculture practice is dynamic and changes overtime in accordance with environmentalsettings. The farmers determine optimal combination of crops and livestock and it is carried out to achievemaximal households’ income. The study was implemented in lowland areas of Blitar and Tulungagung districts,East Java province on planting season of 2000/2001. The farmers preferred livestock and fishery sub sectors ratherthan previous dominant commodities, such as food crops and horticulture. Assets ownership, labor allocation, andstructure of households’ income sources showed that the role of livestock sub sector was relatively dominant.Orientation changes and dynamics of farming system revealed that the farmers kept sustaining their farm business.Especially in Blitar and Tulungagung districts, changes in farming system orientation rely on livestock sub sectorin the future.Key words: lowland field, farming system orientation, income structur

Karakteristik Habitat Trenggiling Jawa (Manis Javanica) di Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak

Pangolin (Manis javanica) is one of the critically endangered mammals that categorized by International Union for Conservation of Nature. Conservation efforts for M. javanica still limited caused of it's ecological study has not been revealed. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the characteristics of M. javanica's habitat The determination of measuring habitat using single plot based on the presence of M. javanica in a location that known by exploration method and open grid technique according the identification of footprint. M. javanica using a habitat which 9 special components that grouped into 6 the main character, namely: (1) The above canopy's density is high category, (2) the number of plant species that used as digs of it's prey is rarely category, (3) A source of feed is very close around the M. javanica's den, (4) there is no competitors and predators around the M. javanica's den, (5) a very steep slope steepness and (6) the soil's texture is medium categorized. Chisquare test showed that M. javanica didn't use a site as it's habitats despite having the appropriate characteristics, if there are competitors in those area