Differential Diagnosis of New-Onset Pulmonary Ground Glass Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Case Report

The paper describes a clinical case of hypersensitivity pneumonitis in a young patient during the COVID-19 pandemic when the patient having complaints of dyspnea and interstitial lung changes as ground glass opacity was initially unambiguously diagnosed with viral COVID-related bilateral pneumonia. The chief computed tomography manifestations in the lung were infiltrative inflammatory changes as numerous areas of predominantly interstitial infiltration by the type of ground glass, with consolidation areas and reticular changes, varying in extent, peripheral localization, mainly in the lower lobes and with the 25–50% involvement of the right and left lung parenchyma. The diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis was confirmed by cytological and histological examinations of the biopsy material obtained during bronchoscopy using a set of biopsies and endobronchial cryobiopsy.This clinical case demonstrates that the chest computed tomography detection of pulmonary ground glasstype changes is a reason for further patient examinations and requires morphological verification of the diagnosis, since the cost of a diagnostic error is the life of a patient

A COMPLEX CASE OF DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS AND A NEUROENDOCRINE TUMOR

Pathomorphosis of tuberculosis and other lung diseases that have a similar clinical radiological and morphological picture leads to considerable difficulties and mistakes in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary processes. In particular, there are difficulties in the differential diagnosis of neuroendocrine lung tumors (NET) and pulmonary tuberculosis.A clinical case of timely diagnosis of a neuroendocrine tumor in a young female patient without clinical symptoms typical for NETs has been described. The main manifestations revealed by chest CT scanning were single focal consolidations. The diagnosis was confirmed by histological studies of surgery samples

New highly divided Ce-Ca-based oxyfluorides with UV-Shielding properties: study of the Ce1-xCaxO2-x and Ce1-xCaxO2-x-y/2Fy series

Coprecipitations of Ce(III) nitrates and Ca chlorides have been performed in basic medium at pH > 12 using NaOH, H2O2, and HF as fluorinating agent. Powders have been annealed under air at 600 C during 12 h. Oxides and oxyfluorides with Ce1-xCaxO2-x and Ce1-xCaxO2-x-y/2Fy formulas have been obtained. The Ce/Ca and F/Ca atomic ratios have been determined by elemental analysis (microprobe analysis and F titration with specific electrode), leading one to conclude that the higher is the Ca content, the higher is the F rate. The F/Ca atomic ratio is always lower than 1, but the F content strongly increases with the Ca rate, demonstrating the affinity of fluorine for Ca atoms. XRD data analysis confirmed that Ce-Ca-based oxides and oxyfluorides crystallize with the fluorite-type structure (SG: Fmm) and the a-cell parameter follows Vegard's law both for oxide and for oxyfluoride series. The solubility limit has been estimated to correspond to a Ca/Ce atomic ratio between 0.35 and 0.40 thanks to an accurate XRD analysis using monochromatic Cu K1 radiation, which allows one to detect the occurrence of CaF2 traces. Taking into account the F-Ce bond distance in tetrahedral coordination (bond valence model Ce-F = 2.50 Å; average bond distances in Ce1-xCaxO2-x-y/2Fy: Ce/Ca-O/F = 2.35 Å), the low value of the F/Ca atomic ratio is governed by steric effects and constrains present in the network..