Forage legume silage and cold-pressed rapeseed cake for dairy bull calves

Rearing of organic dairy bull calves can be contradictory, using calves with a high need for quality protein at the same time as a high intake of forage (>60% up to 6 months of age) is required. Forage legumes contain more crude protein than grass, but with high rumen degradability of the protein. When legume forage is fed together with energy-rich cold-pressed rapeseed cake (CRC) the protein in the feeds can be utilized to a higher extent and a satisfactory calf weight gain can be achieved as shown. Using locally produced protein feeds instead of the often used soya bean meal (SBM) is of great interest not only in organic but also in conventional feeding because of environmentally advantages

Application of the Exact Muffin-Tin Orbitals Theory: the Spherical Cell Approximation

We present a self-consistent electronic structure calculation method based on the {\it Exact Muffin-Tin Orbitals} (EMTO) Theory developed by O. K. Andersen, O. Jepsen and G. Krier (in {\it Lectures on Methods of Electronic Structure Calculations}, Ed. by V. Kumar, O.K. Andersen, A. Mookerjee, Word Scientific, 1994 pp. 63-124) and O. K. Andersen, C. Arcangeli, R. W. Tank, T. Saha-Dasgupta, G. Krier, O. Jepsen, and I. Dasgupta, (in {\it Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc.} {\bf 491}, 1998 pp. 3-34). The EMTO Theory can be considered as an {\it improved screened} KKR (Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker) method which is able to treat large overlapping potential spheres. Within the present implementation of the EMTO Theory the one electron equations are solved exactly using the Green's function formalism, and the Poisson's equation is solved within the {\it Spherical Cell Approximation} (SCA). To demonstrate the accuracy of the SCA-EMTO method test calculations have been carried out.Comment: 20 pages, 10 figure

The alpha-gamma transition of Cerium is entropy-driven

We emphasize, on the basis of experimental data and theoretical calculations, that the entropic stabilization of the gamma-phase is the main driving force of the alpha-gamma transition of cerium in a wide temperature range below the critical point. Using a formulation of the total energy as a functional of the local density and of the f-orbital local Green's functions, we perform dynamical mean-field theory calculations within a new implementation based on the multiple LMTO method, which allows to include semi-core states. Our results are consistent with the experimental energy differences and with the qualitative picture of an entropy-driven transition, while also confirming the appearance of a stabilization energy of the alpha phase as the quasiparticle Kondo resonance develops.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figure

Outline of a Data Modifications System for Aggregation of Commodity Flows

This paper has been motivated by the need to develop software and methods for analyzing, modifying and restructuring data on world trade in the Forest Sector Project. The paper outlines a system of approaches to (i) modifying, correcting, and aggregating initial data on bilateral trade flows and (ii) disaggregating aggregate flows obtained from model projections. The approaches suggested have their origin in experiences with multiregional modeling

Knowledge Intensity and Product Cycles in Metropolitan Regions

This paper by Andersson and Johansson is based on an earlier study of product cycle phenomena by the same authors (Andersson and Johansson 1984). It presents a theoretical framework which aims at understanding the role that metropolitan regions play in a global economic system in a dynamic context. This framework is used for analyzing how metropolitan regions may achieve, retain and lose their comparative advantages over time in a product cycle process. Certain hypotheses, derived from the product cycle analysis, are evaluated against empirical observations

Industrial Dynamics, Product Cycles, and Employment Structure

The key elements of structural change in the forest industry are related to the changing pattern of demand, supply capacity and trade. It is obvious that technological change, to a large extent triggered off by evolving Research and Development strategies, plays a major role in this process of structural change at the global level. Conclusions from this article are as follows: -- The forest sector is developing into an integrated systems industry in the same way as large parts of chemical and other process industries, with similar requirements on coordinative capacities and support from logistical infrastructure. This makes location to highly developed economies an advantage for the integrative parts of the sector. -- It is a low R & D industry, however measured, in a comparison with other manufacturing industries. This may cause problems for the sector in inter-industrial competition for labor and capital resources. For the non-integrative forest industry, like mechanical wood processing, it means a long-term process of relocation from the OECD region to less developed regions of the world. -- Within the OECD region the forest sector will continue to be located primarily in sparsely populated areas. Continued location outside the major densely populated knowledge centres of the world can accentuate the technological development problems of the sector, unless properly counteracted by new R & D strategies. This paper, which is based on product cycle theory, has been written in collaboration between the Regional Issues Project and the Forest Sector Project at IIAS