SURVEY ON SIMULATION AND EMULATION TOOLS IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK

Abstract: Sensor networks are dense wireless networks of small, low-cost sensors which collect and propagate environmental data. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) assist monitoring and controlling of physical environments from remote location with better accuracy. They have applications in a variety of fields such as environmental monitoring, military applications, and water or waste water monitoring and health care applications. Sensor nodes have various energy and computational constraints because of their economical nature and adhoc method of deployment. The objective of this involvement is to present expositive review content on currently available experimental tools used for most emerging field. Currently due to high cost of sensor nodes, the most researches in wireless sensor networks area is performed by using the experimental tools in various institutes and research centre's before implementing real one. Also the facts gathered from these experimental tools can be realistic and convenient. So, the experimental tools provide the better option for studying the behavior of WSNs before and after implanting the physical one

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Not AvailableGenetic diversity in New Plant Type core set of rice was studied at molecular level employing 52 yield related and 12 randomly chosen markers. 42 markers were polymorphic among the genotypes with a total of 84 alleles. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 4 with an average of 3.0 per locus. The PIC value ranged from 0.07 to 0.51 with an average of 0.31. Gene specific markers (SCM2-indel2, Gn1a-indel3, TGW6-1d and GS5- 03SNP), functional genes (Ghd7-sel and DEP1-promoter), linked markers RM8080 and RM340 were found to be the most appropriate marker to discriminate among the rice genotypes owing to the highest PIC value of more than 0.5. The cluster analysis distinguished these accessions in to eight clusters based on the principle of Unweighted Pair Wise Method using Arithemetic Average (UPGMA) constructed by Jaccard's similarity Coefficient. The dendrogram showed that the genotypes with common phylogeny and geographical orientation tend to cluster together. The highest similarity coefficient value was observed between the IRGC 25510 and IRGC 10658 (0.67) whereas lowest value was observed for Swarnadhan (0.18) and Azucena (0.21), showing highly diverse genotypes. Thus, these accessions were genetically diverse and could be directly utilized in hybridization programme for improvement of yield and related traits.Not Availabl