Automated Counting of Towers (\`A La Bordelaise) [Or: Footnote to p. 81 of the Flajolet-Sedgewick Chef-d'{\oe}vre]

The brilliant idea of Jean Betrema and Jean-Guy Penaud that proved the celebrated "three to the power n" theorem of Dominique Gouyou-Beauchamps and Xavier Viennot, counting towers of domino pieces is extended and used to enumerate much more general towers, where the pieces can be many i-mers.Comment: Accompanied by the Maple package TOWERS available from http://www.math.rutgers.edu/~zeilberg/mamarim/mamarimhtml/migdal.html . That page also has many deep computer-generated theorem obtained from the packag

A Treatise on Sucker's Bets

In 1970, Statistics giant, Bradley Efron, amazed the world by coming up with a set of four dice, let's call them A,B,C,D, whose faces are marked with [0,0,4,4,4,4], [3,3,3,3,3,3],[2,2,2,2,6,6],[1,1,1,5,5,5] respectively, where die A beats die B, die B beats die C, die C beats die D, but, surprise surprise, die D beats die A! This was an amazing demonstration that "being more likely to win" is not a transitive relation. But that was only one example, and of course, instead of dice, we can use decks of cards, where they are called (by Martin Gardner, who popularized this way back in 1970) , "sucker's bets". Can you find all such examples, with a specified number of decks, and sizes? If you have a computer algebra system (in our case Maple), you sure can! Not only that, we can figure out how likely such sucker bets are, and derive, fully automatically, statistical information!Comment: 13 pages; Accompanied by two Maple packages and numerous input and output files available from http://sites.math.rutgers.edu/~zeilberg/mamarim/mamarimhtml/suckerbets.htm

The Method(!) of "Guess and Check"

The problems of enumerating lattice walks, with an arbitrary finite set of allowed steps, both in one and two dimensions, where one must always stay in the non-negative half-line and quarter-plane respectively, are used, as case studies, to illustrate the `naive' methodology of guess-and-check, where rigorous proofs are possible, but not worth the trouble. We argue that this is a metaphor for future math.Comment: 14 pages, accompanied by four Maple packages obtainable from http://www.math.rutgers.edu/~zeilberg/mamarim/mamarimhtml/gac.htm

The C-finite Ansatz Meets the Holonomic Ansatz

We show how the continuous Almkvist-Zeilberger algorithm can be used to efficiently discover and prove differential equations satisfied by generating functions of sequences defined as integrals of powers of C-finite polynomial sequences (like the Chebyshev polynomials) from which one can automatically derive linear recurrences with polynomial coefficients for the sequences themselves. We fully implement this with a Maple package, CfiniteIntergal.txt .Comment: 4 pages. Accompanied by a Maple package, and sample input and output files available from http://www.math.rutgers.edu/~zeilberg/mamarim/mamarimhtml/cfiniteI.htm

Some Remarks on a recent article by J. -P. Allouche

In 1980 Otto G. Ruehr made some puzzling comments that a certain identity A, that he proved, is equivalent to another identity B, but he did not explain why they are equivalent. Recently J.-P. Allouche tried to explain why they are "equivalent", using about eight pages. We comment that it is extremely unlikely to be Ruehr's reasoning (he probably got mixed up with a different problem), but be that as it may, it is not worthwhile to try and deduce B from A, since both A and B are routinely provable using Wilf-Zeilberger algorithmic proof theory (implemented in Maple) and the Almkvist-Zeilberger algorithm.Comment: 4 page

How Many Rounds Should You Expect in Urn Solitaire?

A certain sampling process, concerning an urn with balls of two colors, proposed in 1965 by B.E. Oakley and R.L. Perry, and discussed by Peter Winkler and Martin Gardner, that has an extremely simple answer for the probability, namely the constant function 1/2, has a far more complicated expected duration, that we discover and sketch the proof of. So unlike, for example, the classical gambler's ruin problem, for which both `probability of winning' and `expected duration' have very simple expressions, in this case the expected number of rounds is extremely complicated, and beyond the scope of humans.Comment: 5 pages, accompanied by Maple packages and output files available from http://sites.math.rutgers.edu/~zeilberg/mamarim/mamarimhtml/urn.htm

A high-school algebra wallet-sized proof, of the Bieberbach conjecture After L. Weinstein]

Weinstein's[2] brilliant short proof of de Branges'[1] theorem can be made yet much shorter(modulo routine calculations), completely elementary (modulo L\"owner theory), self contained(no need for the esoteric Legendre polynomials' addition theorem), and motivated(ditto), as follows

Computerizing the Andrews-Fraenkel-Sellers Proofs on the Number of m-ary partitions mod m (and doing MUCH more!)

In this short article, two recent beautiful proofs of George Andrews, Aviezri Fraenkel, and James Sellers, about the mod m characterization of the number of m-ary partitions are simplified and streamlined, and then generalized to handle many more cases, and prove much deeper theorems, with the help of computers, of course.Comment: 7 pages, accompanied by a Maple package, available from http://www.math.rutgers.edu/~zeilberg/mamarim/mamarimhtml/afs.htm

On the number of Singular Vector Tuples of Hyper-Cubical Tensors

Shmuel Friedland and Giorgio Ottaviani's beautiful constant term expression for the number of singular vector tuples of generic tensors is used to derive a rational generating function for these numbers, that in turn, is used to obtain an asymptotic formula for the number of such tuples for n by n by n three-dimensional tensors, and to conjecture an asymptotic formula for the general d-dimensional case. A donation of 100 dollars, in honor of the first prover, will be made to the On-line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences.Comment: 4 pages. Accompanied by a Maple package, SVT.txt available from http://www.math.rutgers.edu/~zeilberg/mamarim/mamarimhtml/svt.htm

The "Monkey Typing Shakespeare" Problem for Compositions

Suppose that your mother gave you n candies. You have to eat at least one candy each day. One possibility is to eat all n of them the first day. The other extreme is to make them last n days, and only eat one candy a day. Altogether, you have, famously, 2 to the power n-1 choices. If each such choice is equally likely, what is the probability that you never have three consecutive days, where in the first day you ate at least 2 candies, in the second day you ate at least 5 candies, and in the third day you ate at least 3 candies? This article describes algorithms, fully implemented in two Maple packages, to answer such important questions, and more general ones, of this kind.Comment: 15 pages. Accompanied my two Maple packages available from http://sites.math.rutgers.edu/~zeilberg/mamarim/mamarimhtml/kof.htm