Ancient Egyptian Figurines: An Investigation into Manufacture, Use, and Culture.

I will analyze the social and religious role of figurines in Egyptian society. I will delve into the differences in the figurines in both manufacture and purpose between the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms. I hope to look at religious, political, and other figurines to get a broad spectrum of usage for the artifacts. The main purpose of the research is to identify the time period, purpose, and usage for the figure donated to VCU by Professor Waybright. Questions I have is if the changes in political structure and minute changes in religion between each Kingdom affected the manufacture and use of figurines. Another question is to see if there are any significant differences in the religious figurines during periods of religious conflict such as the Amarna Period.https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/uresposters/1252/thumbnail.jp

MRI and Clinical Risk Indicators for Osteomyelitis

Introduction. The sensitivity and specificity for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnosis of osteomyelitis is 90% and 80%, respectively; findings include bone marrow edema, T2-weighted image hyperintensity (HI-T2WI), T1-weighted image confluent signal(CS-T1WI), and cortical erosion (CE). The goal is to determine which risk factors and MRI findings are most predictive of osteomyelitis. Materials and Methods. After institutional review board approval, records of patients who underwent bone biopsy of the foot/ankle between 2015 and 2017 were reviewed. Diagnosis was determined histologically. Blinded MRI review identified indicators of osteomyelitis: HI-T2WI, CS-T1WI, ulcer depth, and CE. Bivariate and multivariate regression determined an association between osteomyelitis and radiographic indicators. Results. Of 59 subjects, 41 (69.5%) and 18 (30.5%) had pathologic evidence of osteomyelitis or were indeterminate. The sensitivity and specificity by radiologist diagnosis was 51.4% and 91.7%, respectively. Diabetes (relative risk [RR]=2.9, 95% CI = 1.0.8-7.77, P = .034), CS-T1WI (RR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.23-2.20, P &lt; .001), and CE (RR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.34-2.28, P &lt; .001) were risk factors on bivariate analysis. Ulcer depth demonstrated a trend toward statistical significance. Diabetes (RR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.00-5.69, P = .049) and CE (RR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.27-2.37, P &lt; .001) were independent risk factors on multivariate analysis. Discussion. Diabetes and CS-T1WI are independent risk factors for pedal osteomyelitis. Patients with diabetes, CS-T1WI, and CE should be evaluated for osteomyelitis with recommendation for bone biopsy in appropriate clinical settings. Levels of Evidence: Level III Retrospective Comparative Study </jats:p

MRI and Clinical Risk Indicators for Osteomyelitis

Introduction. The sensitivity and specificity for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnosis of osteomyelitis is 90% and 80%, respectively; findings include bone marrow edema, T2-weighted image hyperintensity (HI-T2WI), T1-weighted image confluent signal(CS-T1WI), and cortical erosion (CE). The goal is to determine which risk factors and MRI findings are most predictive of osteomyelitis. Materials and Methods. After institutional review board approval, records of patients who underwent bone biopsy of the foot/ankle between 2015 and 2017 were reviewed. Diagnosis was determined histologically. Blinded MRI review identified indicators of osteomyelitis: HI-T2WI, CS-T1WI, ulcer depth, and CE. Bivariate and multivariate regression determined an association between osteomyelitis and radiographic indicators. Results. Of 59 subjects, 41 (69.5%) and 18 (30.5%) had pathologic evidence of osteomyelitis or were indeterminate. The sensitivity and specificity by radiologist diagnosis was 51.4% and 91.7%, respectively. Diabetes (relative risk [RR]=2.9, 95% CI = 1.0.8-7.77, P = .034), CS-T1WI (RR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.23-2.20, P < .001), and CE (RR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.34-2.28, P < .001) were risk factors on bivariate analysis. Ulcer depth demonstrated a trend toward statistical significance. Diabetes (RR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.00-5.69, P = .049) and CE (RR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.27-2.37, P < .001) were independent risk factors on multivariate analysis. Discussion. Diabetes and CS-T1WI are independent risk factors for pedal osteomyelitis. Patients with diabetes, CS-T1WI, and CE should be evaluated for osteomyelitis with recommendation for bone biopsy in appropriate clinical settings. Levels of Evidence: Level III Retrospective Comparative Stud

Air travel and thromboembolic events after orthopedic surgery: Where are we and where do we need to go?

As medical tourism expands, guidelines must be established to allow for appropriate patient counseling, as there is already an inherent increased venous thromboembolism risk with air travel. We review orthopedic literature to determine if there are post-operative air travel recommendations that can be made and where additional focus should be directed that may decrease thromboembolic complication rates in this already at-risk population. A systematic review of the Medline and Cochrane databases was conducted for articles related to air-travel and orthopaedics. As joint arthroplasty research focuses heavily on venous thromboembolisms and their prevention, we initially directed our review to this field using the search terms- “thromboembolism OR flight OR flying AND arthroplasty”. Criteria for inclusion were abstracts and articles related to the topic of venous thromboembolism in orthopaedic procedures, which were relevant to the study question. A meta-analysis for risk estimation of thromboembolism was to be conducted. The query identified 1542 studies. 6 articles were assessed for eligibility, 2 proved to be relevant. None of the studies were prospective or randomized. Due to the small sample and heterogeneity of the studies available, a meta-analysis could not be performed. Acute post-operative air travel appears safe following joint arthroplasties and upper extremity fractures, but is unclear for spine and trauma patients. Further research should be directed towards the growing trend of air travel following surgical procedures. •Acute flight after a hip/knee replacement is likely safe with chemical & mechanical thromboprophylaxis.•Weight bearing & ankle immobilization dictate blood clot risks following foot/ankle surgery.•Those with pelvic fractures restricting ambulation are discouraged from acute flying.•Upper extremity fractures likely have no increased risk for air travel & blood clots.•No recommendations can be made on acute air travel following elective spine surgery