IN VITRO ANTIDIABETIC, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF CLITORIA TERNATEA L

Objective: To investigate the in vitro Antidiabetic, Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory activity of Clitoria ternatea L. leaves and flowers. Methods: Phytochemicals of leaves and flowers were analysed by using standard methods. In vitro antioxidant studies were carried out for the ethanolic extract of the Clitoria ternatea leaves and flowers using various free radical models such a DPPH, Reducing power assay and Hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay. In vitro antidiabetic assay such as Non-enzymatic glycosylation of haemoglobin assay, Glucose uptake in Yeast cells and Inhibition of salivary-amylase enzyme were carried in ethanolic extract.. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity such as inhibition of albumin denaturation and membrane stabilization assay were performed in ethanolic extract. Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening of ethanolic extract of the Clitoria ternatea revealed the presence of various bioactive components like alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, glycosides, phenol, saponin, terpenoids and tannin in both leaves and flowers. Anthroquinone is absent in both the parts studied. The in vitro antidiabetic potential of plant extract was confirmed through non enzymatic glycation, glucose uptake by yeast cells and amylase inhibition methods. Antiinflammatory activity of Clitoria ternaea was also confirmed. Conclusion: The result of the present study concluded that the ethanolic extracts of Clitoria ternaea L. leaves and flowers possess significant antidiabetic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. The potential pharmacological activity of Clitoria ternaea L. leaves and flowers might be due to the presence of phytochemicals

PLANT MEDIATED SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES

Objective: The study was aimed to synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles from five different herbal plants (Terminalia chebula, Mimusops elengi, Myristica fragrans, Centella asiatica and Hemidesmus indicus). Methods: The qualitative analysis of plant extracts was performed to determine the presence of secondary metabolites. The plant mediated silver nanoparticles were synthesized. The color changed into brown to black color indicating the formation of AgNPs. The characterization of synthesized AgNPs was carried out by different methods such as UV-Vis Spectra, FE-TEM, Particle size analysis, Zeta potential analysis, XRD and FTIR. The antimicrobial activity of synthesized silver nanoparticles also examined against three fungi and bacteria. Results: The UV wave length of AgNPs is from 300 to 450 nm. The average size of AgNPs 581 d.nm, zeta potential is -13.3 mV. The FTIR results show that AgNPs contains the functional groups. In antimicrobial activity of all AgNPs synthesized by five plants inhibits the growth of bacteria and Terminalia chebula showed maximum effect. The XRD pattern clearly confirmed that the synthesized silver nanoparticles are crystalline in nature. TEM results shows that synthesized silver nanoparticles are round in shape. Conclusion: The green synthesis of nanoparticles shows that cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and safe for human therapeutic use. Color change, UV-Vis spectra, TEM and XRD analysis confirmed the stability of synthesized AgNPs. Â&nbsp

IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF CARDIOSPERMUM HALICACABUM L. AGAINST EAC CELL LINE

Objective: To investigate the in vitro antioxidant and anticancer activity of chloroform and ethanol extracts of Cardiospermum halicacabum L. leaves. Methods: Phytochemicals were analysed by using standard methods. In vitro antioxidant studies were carried out for the chloroform and ethanol extracts of the Cardiospermum halicacabum using various free radical models such a DPPH, Reducing power assay, nitric oxide scavenging, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging, super oxide scavenging activity and ABTS. In vitro cytotoxic assay such as trypan blue dye exclusion and MTT assays were carried out against EAC cell line. Results: Preliminary phytochemical analysis of the Cardiospermum halicacabum L. was carried out and it revealed the presence of alkaloids, coumarine, flavones, saponins, steroids, sugar, tannins and terpenoids. The results revealed that the chloroform extract has significant antioxidant potential than ethanol extract. The result revealed that the chloroform extracts of Cardiospermum halicacabum L. showed pronounced anticancer activity against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) cell line than ethanol extract. Conclusion: The result of the present study concluded that the chloroform extract of Cardiospermum halicacabum L have significant antioxidant and anticancer activity then the ethanolic extract. The potential antioxidant and anticancer activity of Cardiospermum halicacabum L might be due to the presence of phytochemicals

PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS OF HUMAN BLOOD AND URINE IN DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY

Objective: To investigate the proteomics status of human blood and urine in diabetic nephropathy.Methods: In the present study 90 patients were selected. The study was comprised of 30 Diabetic mellitus (DM) with microalbuminuria patients (Group 3), 30 DM without microalbuminuria patients (group 2), 30 healthy controls (Group 1). Fasting glucose, post prandial glucose, lipid profile, fructosamine in serum and micro albumin in urine were investigated in all the patients.Results: The significant increase in serum fructosamine, fasting and post prandial glucose levels along with increased microalbuminuria observed in group 3 patients compared to group 2 and group 1 patients. Hyperglycemia increases fructosamine, cholesterol, triglycerides with decrease in HDL-cholesterol levels, indicates the major risk of atherogenicity. To study the effect of age, smoking, DM duration on DN, patients were grouped in different way and analysed.Conclusion: The results suggested that smoking, age and prolonged DM influences DN. Normal and DN patients serum and urine samples were selected and protein was separated by SDS-PAGE and identified by LC-MS. Results of LC-MS showed the difference in proteomics of normal and DN patients

Logic programming and artificial neural networks in breast cancer detection

About 90% of breast cancers do not cause or are capable of producing death if detected at an early stage and treated properly. Indeed, it is still not known a specific cause for the illness. It may be not only a beginning, but also a set of associations that will determine the onset of the disease. Undeniably, there are some factors that seem to be associated with the boosted risk of the malady. Pondering the present study, different breast cancer risk assessment models where considered. It is our intention to develop a hybrid decision support system under a formal framework based on Logic Programming for knowledge representation and reasoning, complemented with an approach to computing centered on Artificial Neural Networks, to evaluate the risk of developing breast cancer and the respective Degree-of-Confidence that one has on such a happening.This work has been supported by FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia within the Project Scope UID/CEC/00319/2013

ORIENTAL JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY A Comparative Study on the Phytoextraction of Five Common Plants against Chromium Toxicity

ABSTRACT Phytoextraction is a remediation technology that uses plants to remove heavy metals from soil. The success of a phytoextraction process depends on adequate plant yield (aerial parts) and high metal concentrations in plant shoots. A paper towel experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of plants sunflower (Helianthus annuus), maize (Zea maize), pearl millet ( Sorghum bicolour), green gram (Vigna radiata) and ground nut (Arachis hypogaea). Seeds of these plants were exposed to five different concentration

Fertilizers and Mixed Crop Cultivation of Chromium Tolerant and Sensitive Plants under Chromium Toxicity

Zea mays (maize) and Vigna radiata (green gram) are found to be the chromium (Cr) tolerant and sensitive plants, respectively. In the present paper, we investigate the reduction of the toxicity of Cr in the sensitive plants by the mixed crop cultivation in the field using various amendments. Further, the potassium dichromate was used as the source of hexavalent Cr. The results indicated that Cr adversely affects both the growth and yield of plants. The soil properties vary with Cr and different fertilizer amendments and the yield of both plants were affected by Cr. We conclude that metal accumulation of seeds of green gram was higher than corn and the application of single fertilizer either farm yard manure (FYM) or nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium (NPK) enhances the growth and yield of both the tolerant and sensitive plants in the mixed crop cultivations

Chromium accumulation potential of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Zea mays</i> grown under four different fertilizers

1206-1210Chromium (Cr) contamination in soil is a growing concern in sustainable agriculture production and food safety. We performed pot experiment with chromium (30 mg/ soil) to assess the accumulation potential of Zea mays and study the influence of four fertilizers, viz. Farm Yard Manure (FYM), NPK, Panchakavya (PK) and Vermicompost (VC) with respect to Cr accumulation. The oxidative stress and pigment (chlorophyll) levels were also examined. The results showed increased accumulation of chromium in both shoots and roots of Zea mays under FYM and NPK supply, and reduced with PK and VC. While the protein and pigment contents decreased in Cr treated plants, the fertilizers substantiated the loss to overcome the stress. Similarly, accumulation of Cr increased the levels of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) indicating the enhanced damage control activity. However, these levels were relatively low in plants supplemented with fertilizers. Our results confirm that the maize can play an effective role in bioremediation of soils polluted with chromium, particularly in supplementation with fertilizers such as farm yard manure and NPK