ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF FRUITS OF TERMINALIA CHEBULA AND PHYLLANTHUS EMBLICA IN BEHAVIOURAL MODELS OF DEPRESSION: INVOLVEMENT OF MONOAMINERGIC SYSTEM

Objectives: Terminalia chebula (TCh) and Phyllanthus emblica (PE) posses wide range of central nervous system activity. This study was conducted to investigate the antidepressant activity and mechanism action of aqueous extract of TCh & PE using forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST). Methods: Aqueous extracts of TCh (390, 780 & 1560mg/kg) and PE (390, 780, 1560 & 3120 mg/kg) were administered for seven days to mice and immobility time was measured in FST & TST. Extracts were administered for 14 days and immobility time was measured in chronic FST. The mechanisms of antidepressant effect of TCh and PE were studied using prazosin (1mg/kg), levosulpiride (20mg/kg) and p-CPA (300mg/kg) in TST. Results: In FST, 780 & 1560 mg/kg of TCh and 1560 & 3120 mg/kg of PE reduced immobility time while in TST, 1560 mg/kg of TCh and 3120 mg/kg of PE decreased immobility significantly compared to control. In chronic FST, only 780 & 1560 mg/kg of TCh showed significant reduction. Antidepressant effect of TCh was reversed by prazosin while antidepressant effect of PE was reversed by prazosin and levosulpiride significantly in TST. Conclusions: The aqueous extracts of TCh and PE possess antidepressant activity at higher doses. This effect was possibly mediated through mono aminergic pathways

Design & Control Smart Automatic Water Monitoring System

This paper presents a system framework taking the advantages for the real-time monitoring on the water quality in aquaculture. We design the structure of the wireless sensor network to collect and continuously transmit data to the monitoring software.The discharge of wastewater effluents untreated or equally treatment without periodic quality monitoring, can lead to catastrophic water pollution in the long term affecting the aquatic life, agriculture farming and soil conditions of the entire downstream ecosystem.Moreover, the monitoring software developed to represent the monitoring hardware and data visualization, and analyze the data with expert knowledge to implement the auto control.The monitoring system has been realization of the digital, intelligent, and effectively ensures the quality of aquaculture water. Practical deployment results are to show the system reliability and real-time characteristics, and to display good effect on environmental monitoring of water quality

MoS2 nanobelts-carbon hybrid material for supercapacitor applications

The MoS2 nanobelts/Carbon hybrid nanostructure was synthesized by the simple hydrothermal method. The MoS2 nanobelts were distributed in the interlayers of Lemon grass-derived carbon (LG-C), provides the active sites and avoid restacking of the sheets. The structural and morphological characterization of MoS2/LG-C and LG-C were performed by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The electrochemical measurements were studied with cyclic voltammetry, the galvanostatic charge-discharge method, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The specific capacitance of MoS2/LG-C and LG-C exhibits 77.5 F g−1 and 30.1 F g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1. The MoS2/LG-C-based supercapacitor provided the maximum power density and energy density of 273.2 W kg−1 and 2.1 Wh kg−1, respectively. Furthermore, the cyclic stability of MoS2/LG-C was tested using charging-discharging up to 3,000 cycles, confirming only a 71.6% capacitance retention at a current density of 3 A g−1. The result showed that MoS2/LG-C is a superior low-cost electrode material that delivered a high electrochemical performance for the next generation of electrochemical energy storage

In Vivo Evaluation of the Biocompatibility of Surface Modified Hemodialysis Polysulfone Hollow Fibers in Rat

Polysulfone (Psf) hollow fiber membranes (HFMs) have been widely used in blood purification but their biocompatibility remains a concern. To enhance their biocompatibility, Psf/TPGS (d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate) composite HFMs and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) coated Psf HFMs have been prepared. They have been evaluated for in vivo biocompatibility and graft acceptance and compared with sham and commercial membranes by intra-peritoneal implantation in rats at day 7 and 21. Normal body weights, tissue formation and angiogenesis indicate acceptance of implants by the animals. Hematological observations show presence of post-surgical stress which subsides over time. Serum biochemistry results reveal normal organ function and elevated liver ALP levels at day 21. Histological studies exhibit fibroblast recruitment cells, angiogenesis and collagen deposition at the implant surface indicating new tissue formation. Immuno-histochemistry studies show non-activation of MHC molecules signifying biocompatibilty. Additionally, Psf/TPGS exhibit most favorable tissue response as compared with other HFMs making them the material of choice for HFM preparation for hemodialysis applications

Endovascular Stenting - Novel Technique in the Management of Acute Stanford Type B Aortic Dissection Involving Right-sided Aortic Arch: Is This the Way Forward? Systematic Literature Review with Case Study

The occurrence of aortic dissection involving a right-sided aortic arch (RAA) is extremely rare. Majority of the symptomatic cases have been managed with open surgical treatment. However, middle-aged and elderly patients with coexistent comorbidities have higher postoperative risks if managed by surgery. The purpose of this case study is to review the literature for occurrence and treatment modalities for RAA with dissection, to review the various literature studies which have helped establish a consensus and guidelines in the management of aortic dissections, to review previous reported cases of successful endovascular management of RAA dissections, and to report our experience of treating a case of Stanford Type B right-sided aortic dissection managed by complete endovascular approach, the first of its kind in India. Our search in the databases revealed around 32 cases of RAA with aortic dissection published in the literature, most of which have been treated with open surgical approach; however, very few cases are managed with endovascular approach only like in our case

Activity of Cefotaxime versus Ceftriaxone against Pathogens Isolated from Various Systemic Infections: A Prospective, Multicenter, Comparative, <i>In vitro</i> Indian Study

Objectives To determine the susceptibility of isolated pathogens with different samples collected from patients taking cefotaxime as compared with ceftriaxone

Knowledge, attitude, and practices toward ayurvedic medicine use among allopathic resident doctors: A cross-sectional study at a tertiary care hospital in India

Context: Ayurveda is most commonly practiced form of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in India. There are very few studies showing the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of allopathic doctors about Ayurvedic drugs and its use. Aims: The study was initiated to assess KAP toward Ayurvedic medicine use among allopathic resident doctors. Settings and Design: Cross-sectional and prospective study. Materials and Methods: After obtaining permission from the Institutional Ethics Committee, allopathic resident doctors from clinical departments were approached personally. They were given pre-formed validated questionnaire to assess KAP toward Ayurvedic medicine use. Statistical Analysis Used: Descriptive statistics. Results: Allopathic residents had little knowledge about basic concepts of Ayurveda, that is, ′panchakarma′ and ′tridosha′. Majority residents (99%) had no opportunity to learn basics of Ayurveda, but 67% residents prescribed Ayurvedic medicines to patients. However, many residents (76%) mentioned that cross practice should not be allowed due to lack of knowledge. One resident knew that cross-practice was not allowed by law. The commonly prescribed proprietary Ayurvedic medicines were Liv-52 (39%), Shatavari (13%), Cystone (12%) and common ailments for which these medicines prescribed were liver disorders (34%), arthritis (18%), cough and cold (13%), kidney stones (11%), and piles (10%). Nearly 76% residents felt incorporation of Ayurveda with modern medicine would attract more patients and at the same time most residents (92%) agreed that Ayurvedic medicines need scientific testing before use. Though 50% of the residents agreed for voluntary training in Ayurveda, 80% denied compulsory training. Nearly 63% residents recommended Ayurveda among all CAMs. Most of residents heard of Ayurveda from their colleagues. Conclusions: This study reveals that allopathic resident doctors had little knowledge about Ayurveda and Ayurvedic medicine use but engaged in prescription of Ayurvedic medicines. So some interventions should be taken to increase the knowledge and awareness of allopathic resident doctors about Ayurvedic medicine use

Computational study: Synthesis, spectroscopic (UV–vis, IR, NMR), antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, molecular docking and ADME of new (E)-5-(1-(2-(4-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)thiazol-2-yl)hydrazineylidene)ethyl)-2,4-dimethylthiazole

In this paper, we describe the synthesis of a novel (E)-5-(1-(2-(4-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)thiazol-2-yl)hydrazineylidene)ethyl)-2,4-dimethylthiazole (DCPTHT) via multicomponent reaction between 1-(2,4-dimethylthiazol-5-yl)ethan-1-one, thiosemicarbazide and 2-bromo-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethan-1-one. The structure of DCPTHT was confirmed on the basis of FT-IR, 1HNMR and 13C NMR characterizations. The molecular structure of the novel thiazole derivative was examined using density functional theory (DFT) simulations at the B3LYP/6-311G (d,p) level of theory. Molecular simulations were made for total energy, HOMO and LUMO energy, and Mulliken atomic charges. In a dimethyl sulfoxide solvent, the electronic absorption spectra were acquired, and TD-DFT calculations were used to discuss the band assignments. By correlating the experimental and simulated spectra, NMR assignments and interpretations were also established. Remarkably, antibacterial and antifungal screening was used to examine the biological profile of DCPTHT. Antibacterial screening was performed against E. coli, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa, and MRSA while the antifungal screening was performed against A. niger and C. albicans. It was found that the newly synthesized thiazole derivative demonstrated potent antifungal activity on the investigated fungal species. Molecular docking study against cytochrome P450 14α-sterol demethylase (CYP51) (PDB id: 5v5z). Furthermore, ADME predictions are also discussed. The molecular docking studies revealed mostly hydrophobic and van der Waals interactions with different amino acid residues

Synthesis, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, cytotoxicity and molecular docking studies of thiazole derivatives

The emergence of numerous pandemics and microbial resistance has necessitated the development of novel heterocyclic compounds with potent biological effects. Five new (E)-2-((5-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methylene)hydrazineyl)-4-(aryl)thiazole derivatives (9a-e) were synthesized through a one pot multicomponent reaction involving 5-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde, thiosemicabazide and various substituted phenacyl bromides. FT-IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopic techniques were used to characterize the newly synthesized benzimidazole-pyrazole clubbed thiazole hybrids. The synthesized compounds were screened for antibacterial activity against E. coli, B. subtilis, B. megaterium, and S. aureus and antifungal activity against A. niger, A. oryzae, Rhizophus spp., and C. albicans. All newly synthesized compounds exhibited potent antibacterial action against all tested strains. Besides, % radical scavenging activity was also evaluated and results showed good antioxidant potential of the synthesized compounds. The cytotoxicity study revealed that synthesized compounds has no to less toxicity as compared to standard Triton X 100. Molecular docking simulations against DNA gyrase (PDB: 4URO) revealed binding interactions and MESP plots confirmed the binding locations