Facial Anthropometry of Adult Tiv and Idoma Tribes of Nigeria

The facial indices are among the most important cephalometric parameters for ethnic morphological classification and categorization. This study was carried out to determine the facial index in the target population and compare it in both sexes and with result of other similar studies. The sample consisted of 600 youths aged 18-32 years. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaire to establish ethnic background. Facial length and facial breadth were measured using spreading calipers and facial index calculated according to standard formula. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS for windows version 20 (IBM Corporation, New York, USA). Statistical significance was considered at p ≤0.05. The mean facial length of Tiv was 10.3±0.63 cm and the mean facial breadth was 12.3±0.79 cm. The mean facial length of Idoma was 10.6±0.60 cm and the mean facial breadth was 12.5±0.76 cm. There was statistically significant mean difference in facial length and facial index between the two ethnic groups with Idoma having higher mean values (p<0.05). In addition, both ethnic groups exhibited sexual dimorphism with males having significantly higher mean values than females (p<0.05). The mean facial index of Tiv was 83.9±4.79 while that of Idoma was 85.2±5.66. Based on facial index, it was concluded that the face type in Tiv was mesoproscopic while the face type in Idoma was leptoproscopic

Electrodiagnostic evaluation of median nerve conduction in Type II diabetes mellitus patients that were asymptomatic for peripheral neuropathy: a case control study

Background: Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a potentially debilitating complication of diabetes mellitus but many of the diabetic patients are often asymptomatic of DN, thereby, placing them at high risk of developing debilitating complications like diabetic hand and foot.Aim: The study was designed to evaluate median nerve conduction of T2DM patients that were asymptomatic for neuropathy and compare their findings with age and sex-matched healthy individuals.Methods: The median motor and sensory nerve conduction study was conducted on 100 type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients and 100 healthy volunteers, matched for age and sex-matched control. Median nerve motor and sensory proximal and Distal latency (DL), Amplitude and Conduction Velocity (CV) as well as motor f-reponse were measured using Nihoen Kohden EMG Machine and standardized techniques of measurement in the course of the study were adhered to.Results: On comparison of the median nerve motor and sensory parameters, the median nerve (motor and sensory) distal latencies and f-responses were significantly lower in the control group while the median nerve conduction velocities and amplitudes were significantly higher in the T2DM group. Conclusion: The study showed significant impairment of median nerve conduction parameters in T2DM patients who did not have any feature suggestive of peripheral neuropathy when compared with apparently healthy individuals. Thus high index of suspicion as well as early screening for peripheral neuropathy in diabetes is further emphasized.Keywords: Median nerve, diabetic neuropathy, electrodiagnostic evaluation, conduction velocity, latenc

Sexual dimorphism in visceral adiposity measures, parameters and biomarkers of metabolic syndrome among Hausa ethnic group in Kano, Nigeria

Visceral adipose tissue is considered the most important anatomic site of adipose tissue aggregation and is considered the hall mark of metabolic syndrome (MetS) phenotype. The aim of the study was to determine sexual dimorphism in visceral adiposity measures, parameters and biomarkers of metabolic syndrome among Hausa ethnic group in Kano, Nigeria. The study was a cross sectional study including 465 participants of Kano, with a mean age of 34.4 years and 32.0 years for males and females respectively. Systematic random sampling technique was employed for subject recruitment. Weight, height, waist circumference (WC) and body mass index BMI were obtained using standard protocol. Overnight fasting blood sample was obtained for high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), uric acid and adiponectin estimation using standard laboratory protocols. Visceral adipose tissue was estimated using visceral adiposity index (VAI) and WC. It was observed that VAI, FBG, HDL and TC were significantly higher in females. There was no significant sex difference in WC, TG, and LDL, Serum adiponectin, uric acid, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. In conclusion, the serum uric acid and adiponectin levels did not show sexual dimorphism. Only some of the MetS parameters are sexually dimorphic. While VAI was higher in females, WC did not show sexual dimorphism.Keywords: Biomarkers, metabolic syndrome indices, sexual dimorphism, visceral adiposit

Evaluation of asymmetry using thumbprint minutiae among Hausa population of Kano State, Nigeria

The present study was aimed at determining the existence of FA in Hausa populations using thumbprint minutiae. The participants included 112 males and 105 females of Hausa Ethnic descent, aged between 18-25 years. The minutiae of the plain thumbprints were determined from a circle with radius that cut across the nucleus of the fingerprints. The result showed that in signed asymmetry bifurcation, crossbar, break, point/dot into ridges and point/dot between ridges exhibited sexual dimorphism. The left ward asymmetry in male was exhibited in bifurcation, cross bar, trifurcation bifurcation, break, bridge, opposite bifurcation, in "M" convergence, in "M" bifurcation and Point/Dot into ridges. Similarly, in female bifurcation, trifurcation bifurcation, enclosure big, opposite bifurcation, convergence, in "M" bifurcation and return exhibit left ward asymmetry. For absolute and composite asymmetry the significant differences was observed in end, enclosure (small), bridge and return. In the entire minutiae types only ridge bifurcation exhibited directional asymmetry in males and six other minutiae types in females. In conclusion, the presence of sexual dimorphism in thumbprint ridge minutiae was demonstrated in the present study. The leftward asymmetry was observed in both sexes in different types minutiae. Females were observed to exhibit directional type of asymmetry more than the males in this population.Keywords: Asymmetry, Environmental stress, Hausa population, Ridge minutiae, Sexual dimorphis

Age specific sex differences in BMI and skin fold thickness among children of Kazaure Emirate, Nigeria

An important phenomenon occurring in human population is the variation in their physical morphology. The physical dimensions of human body are influenced by geographical, racial, age and gender factors. Physical anthropometry provides the technique by which human body dimensions can be evaluated and measured. The aim of the study was to determine age specific sex differences in height, weight, BMI and skin fold thickness among children aged 5- 12 years from Kazaure emirate, Jigawa State, Nigeria. The objective of the study was to investigate sexual dimorphism in the measured variables. A total of 1212 primary school pupils aged 5-12 years (659 males and 553 females) were involved. All the anthropometric variables were taken using standard protocols. An independent t-test was used to determine gender differences using SPSS version 20.0and P ≤ 0.05 considered a level of significance. The results showed a significant gender difference in height and weight at age of 8 years (P = 0.009) and (P&lt; 0.001), respectively. For bicep skin fold thickness (BSF), the gender difference was observed at 7 to 12years of age with (P&lt; 0.001). Similar pattern in triceps TSF) and suprailiac (SISF), showed significant difference at age six (P&lt; 0.001) and (P =0.01), respectively. All ages showed differences in subscapular skin fold thickness (SSF)(P&lt; 0.001). In the SSF, female had higher mean value while for height and weight the reverse trend was the case. In conclusion, the gender differences in SSF may be linked with higher adipose tissue in female than in the male counterparts in childhood.Keywords: Anthropometry, BMI, Skin fold thickness, age, sex, Nigeri

Половой диморфизм соотношения длины пальцев рук у этнической группы игеде в Нигерии

Nowadays sex-age gap, stature, and ancestral ties are used as biological markers to identify people for forensic purposes. This study was carried out to investigate sexual dimorphic characterization in a small ethnic group in northern Nigeria as seen in hand lengths and ratios. The present study was conducted on 862 subjects (308 males and 554 females) aged 11 to 19. Hand length measurements were taken from the ventral crease to the tip of the finger as r2d, l2d, l2d, l4d, and 2d:4d respectively. Student’s t-test was used to describe data and sex differentiation. Pearson’s correlation analysis was applied to establish relationship between stature and age with hand length ratios. Multiple regression models were generated to back up the strength of relationship by prediction from digit lengths for stature. P&lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant.Сведения о возрасте, росте и происхождении часто используют в процессуальных целях в качестве биологических маркеров при идентификации людей. Настоящее исследование было направлено на изучение черт полового диморфизма в малой этнической группе на севере Нигерии, проявляющегося в различии пропорций пальцев рук. В нем приняли участие 862 испытуемых (308 мужского и 554 женского пола) в возрасте от 11 до 19 лет. Измеряли расстояние от нижней складки запястья до кончика пальца после чего длины пальцев представляли как r2d, l2d, r4d, l4d и в виде пальцевого соотношения 2d:4d соответственно 1. Для описания данных и половой дифференциации использовали t-критерий Стьюдента. Корреляционный анализ Пирсона применяли для установления взаимосвязи между ростом и возрастом и возможного влияния этих параметров на соотношения длины пальцев рук. Для подтверждения устойчивости выявленных взаимосвязей между длиной пальцев и ростом были сгенерированы модели множественной регрессии, которые прогнозировали рост по установленной длине пальцев. Полученное Р-значение &lt; 0,05 свидетельствует о статистической значимости результатов проведенного исследования.Примечание редакции. В последнее десятилетие во всем мире в криминалистике и судебной медицине заметно выросло количество междисциплинарных исследований многих традиционных антропометрических показателей. Это обусловлено новыми возможностями использования современных компьютерных технологий обработки больших массивов данных и последующего определения идентификационной и диагностической значимости признаков человека. Кроме того, возобновились исследования, направленные на создание высокоинформативных интегрированных криминалистических моделей человека, включающих на ряду с другими данные о его общефизических и анатомических признаках, в том числе о половой принадлежности, конституции, возрасте и росте. Активно разрабатываются биометрические технологии идентификации и аутентификации человека по размерным и иным характеристикам различных частей рук. Во многих зарубежных и международных криминалистических и судебно-медицинских периодических изданиях постоянно публикуются научные статьи, посвященные анализу специфических особенностей антропометрических показателей различных рас, национальностей, отдельных небольших групп населения. Результаты, полученные в ходе исследований половых и возрастных различий антропометрических характеристик рук отдельных достаточно изолированных групп населения представляют определенный интерес и для российских антропологов, криминалистов и судебно-медицинских экспертов.Учитывая междисциплинарную направленность журнала «Теория и практика судебной экспертизы» и его востребованность не только среди криминалистов, но и среди судебно-медицинских экспертов, редакция приняла решение опубликовать в оригинале и переводе поступившую из Нигерии статью, посвященную половому диморфизму соотношения длины рук представителей этнической группы игеде

Growth status and menarcheal age among adolescent school girls in Wannune, Benue State, Nigeria

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Menarcheal age is a sensitive indicator of environmental conditions during childhood. The aim of study is to determine the age at menarche and growth status in adolescents in a rural area of Tarka, Wannune, Nigeria.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Data on 722 female students (aged 12-18 years) were collected in February 2009. Height and weight were measured. Body mass index (BMI; kg m^-2) was used as an index of relative weight.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Mean and median menarcheal age calculated by probit analysis were 13.02 (SD 3.0) (95% CI: 13.02-13.07), and age 13.00 (SD 2.8) (95% CI: 12.98-13.04), respectively. Girls who reach menarche are significantly heavier and taller with higher BMIs than those of their pre-menarcheal peers.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The age of menarche is probably still declining in Nigeria. Although BMI is an important factor in the onset of menstruation, some other unmeasured environmental variables may be implicated in this population.</p

The Influence of Household Size on Growth Pattern of Children Aged 5-12 Years from Kazaure Emirate, Jigawa State, Nigeria

Anthropometry is the measurement of different parts of the body and is an indicator of nutritional and health status. Socio-economic variables such as income, education, birth order, family size, and urbanization are associated with the physical development of children. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of house-hold (family) size on the growth pattern of children aged 5-12 years from Kazaure emirate, Jigawa State, Nigeria. A stadiometer was used to measure height to the nearest 0.1 cm and weight to the nearest 0.5 kg. A non-elastic measuring tape was used for the measurement of head, neck, chest, mid upper arm, hip, waist and calf circumferences to the nearest 0.1cm respectively. A Harpenden skin fold caliper was used for the measurement of biceps and triceps skin fold thicknesses to the nearest 0.1 mm respectively. It was a cross-sectional survey comprising of 863 pupils of Hausa ethnic group randomly selected from public primary schools in Kazaure emirate aged 5 - 12years. Males of household size between1-2, had higher values of HT, WT and body circumferences than females except hip circumference with statistical significant difference p&lt;0.05 while females had higher values of biceps and triceps skinfold thicknesses with statistical difference p&lt;0.05. Males of household size &gt;2, had higher values of HT, WT, BMI and body circumferences than females with statistical difference (p&lt;0.05) while females had higher values of skinfold thickness and HC with statistical difference (p=0.01). Males of household size 1-2, had higher values of cephalofacial dimensions than females with statistical difference (p&lt;0.05) while females had higher values of nasal height and cephalic index than males with statistical difference p&lt;0.05. Males of household size &gt;2, had higher values of cephalofacial dimensions than females with statistical difference p&lt;0.05 while females had higher values of NH and FI with statistical difference p&lt;0.05. Males of household size 1-2 and &gt;2, had higher values of upper and lower limbs dimensions than females with statistical difference p&lt;0.05. In conclusion, it was observed that males grew better than females and, children from small family size had better growth than those from large family size. Keywords: Age, Household-size, Growth, Kazaure emirate, Nigeri

The study of conicity index and waist hip ratio in Nigerian children and adolescents

No Abstract. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy Vol. 5(1) 2006: 15-2

Anthropometric study on the effect of social scale on adiposity blood pressure of married Igbo woman in Nigeria

No Abstract