Elaboration versus suppression of cued memories: influence of memory recall instruction and success on parietal lobe, default network, and hippocampal activity.

Functional imaging studies of episodic memory retrieval consistently report task-evoked and memory-related activity in the medial temporal lobe, default network and parietal lobe subregions. Associated components of memory retrieval, such as attention-shifts, search, retrieval success, and post-retrieval processing also influence regional activity, but these influences remain ill-defined. To better understand how top-down control affects the neural bases of memory retrieval, we examined how regional activity responses were modulated by task goals during recall success or failure. Specifically, activity was examined during memory suppression, recall, and elaborative recall of paired-associates. Parietal lobe was subdivided into dorsal (BA 7), posterior ventral (BA 39), and anterior ventral (BA 40) regions, which were investigated separately to examine hypothesized distinctions in sub-regional functional responses related to differential attention-to-memory and memory strength. Top-down suppression of recall abolished memory strength effects in BA 39, which showed a task-negative response, and BA 40, which showed a task-positive response. The task-negative response in default network showed greater negatively-deflected signal for forgotten pairs when task goals required recall. Hippocampal activity was task-positive and was influenced by memory strength only when task goals required recall. As in previous studies, we show a memory strength effect in parietal lobe and hippocampus, but we show that this effect is top-down controlled and sensitive to whether the subject is trying to suppress or retrieve a memory. These regions are all implicated in memory recall, but their individual activity patterns show distinct memory-strength-related responses when task goals are varied. In parietal lobe, default network, and hippocampus, top-down control can override the commonly identified effects of memory strength

Diffusive Nested Sampling

We introduce a general Monte Carlo method based on Nested Sampling (NS), for sampling complex probability distributions and estimating the normalising constant. The method uses one or more particles, which explore a mixture of nested probability distributions, each successive distribution occupying ~e^-1 times the enclosed prior mass of the previous distribution. While NS technically requires independent generation of particles, Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) exploration fits naturally into this technique. We illustrate the new method on a test problem and find that it can achieve four times the accuracy of classic MCMC-based Nested Sampling, for the same computational effort; equivalent to a factor of 16 speedup. An additional benefit is that more samples and a more accurate evidence value can be obtained simply by continuing the run for longer, as in standard MCMC.Comment: Accepted for publication in Statistics and Computing. C++ code available at http://lindor.physics.ucsb.edu/DNes

Pressure and heat flux results from the space shuttle/external fuel tank interaction test at Mach numbers 16 and 19

Heat transfer rates and pressures were measured on a 0.0175-scale model of the space shuttle external tank (ET), model MCR0200. Tests were conducted with the ET model separately and while mated with a 0.0175-scale model of the orbiter, model 21-OT (Grumman). The tests were conducted in the AEDC-VKF Hypervelocity Wind Tunnel (F) at Mach numbers 16 and 19. The primary data consisted of the interaction heating rates experienced by the ET while mated with the orbiter in the flight configuration. Data were taken for a range of Reynolds numbers from 50,000 to 65,000 under laminar flow conditions

A Qualitative Study on Clients’ and Therapists’ Perceptions of Therapeutic Interventions that Foster Hope

Much research has shown that hope is beneficial in facilitating change and promoting progress in psychotherapy (Larsen & Stege, 2010a, 2010b, 2012; Lopez et al., 2004). However, little research has been done looking at specific interventions clients and therapists perceive as fostering hope and promoting change in clients’ lives (Larsen & Stege, 2010a, 2010b, 2012). This study involves interviews with clients and therapists following an early psychotherapy session using a technique called Interpersonal Process Recall (Larsen, Flesaker, & Stege, 2008). During this interview, participants were able to review video clips of their session and comment on ways they felt hope was communicated or fostered in session. Information from interviews was used to develop themes and categories relating to therapeutic interventions that affect the level of hope experienced by clients. Five categories were formed to encompass the identified interventions. Four of these categories related to interventions that foster hope (therapeutic relationship, reframing/providing a new perspective, empowering clients, and highlighting the client’s utilization of resources), and one category addressed interventions that have the potential to lower hope. These results will be beneficial in informing psychotherapists of ways hope can be communicated and fostered in psychotherapy, thereby enriching the experience for both the psychotherapist and client as well as improving client care and therapeutic outcomes

Alien Registration- Brewer, Philip B. (Allagash, Aroostook County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/32803/thumbnail.jp

At Sunset

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mmb-ps/1374/thumbnail.jp

Intellectual Capital and the Birth of U.S. Biotechnology Enterprises

We examine the relationship between the intellectual capital of scientists making frontier discoveries, the presence of great university bioscience programs, the presence of venture capital firms, other economic variables, and the founding of U.S. biotechnology enterprises during 1976-1989. Using a linked cross-section/time- series panel data set, we find that the timing and location of the birth of biotech enterprises is determined primarily by intellectual capital measures, particularly the local number of highly productive 'star' scientists actively publishing genetic sequence discoveries. Great universities are likely to grow and recruit star scientists, but their effect is separable from the universities. When the intellectual capital measures are included in our poisson regressions, the number of venture capital firms in an area reduces the probability of foundings. At least early in the process, star scientists appear to be the scarce, immobile factors of production. Our focus on intellectual capital is related to knowledge spillovers, but in this case 'natural excludability' permits capture of supranormal returns by scientists. Given this reward structure technology transfer was vigorous without any special intermediating structures. We believe biotechnology may be prototypical of the birth patterns in other innovative industries.