Spread Spectrum based QoS aware Energy Efficient Clustering Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are composed of small, resource-constrained sensor nodes that form self-organizing, infrastructure-less, and ad-hoc networks. Many energy-efficient protocols have been developed in the network layer to extend the lifetime and scalability of these networks, but they often do not consider the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of the data flow, such as delay, data rate, reliability, and throughput. In clustering, the probabilistic and randomized approach for cluster head selection can lead to varying numbers of cluster heads in different rounds of data gathering. This paper presents a new algorithm called "Spread Spectrum based QoS aware Energy Efficient Clustering for Wireless sensor Networks" that uses spread spectrum to limit the formation of clusters and optimize the number of cluster heads in WSNs, improving energy efficiency and QoS for diverse data flows. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms classical algorithms in terms of energy efficiency and QoS

Synthesis of functionalized 1, 2, 3-triazoles using Bi 2 WO 6 nanoparticles as efficient and reusable heterogeneous catalyst in aqueous medium

Synthesis of functionalized triazoles is reported via Bi2WO6 nanoparticle (10 mol%) mediated 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of β-nitrostyrenes, phenylacetylene and chalcones with azides (80 °C, 2–6 h) in water. The regioselective formation of 1,4-disubstituted triazoles was achieved in 5–20 minutes using azides and alkynes in presence of CuSO4·5H2O (2 mol%), sodium ascorbate (10 mol%) and Bi2WO6 nanoparticles (10 mol%) at room temperature in water. Similarly, regioselective synthesis of 1,4,5-trisubstituted triazoles was achieved from chalcones in aqueous medium.by Veerabhadraiah Palakollu, et.al

Recyclable Bi2WO6-nanoparticle mediated One-pot multicomponent reactions in aqueous medium at room temperature

Different types of multicomponent reactions (MCRs) are reported using Bi2O3, BiVO4, and Bi2WO6 (nanoparticle) as heterogeneous catalysts. Among these, Bi2WO6 nano particles showed excellent reactivity for the synthesis of functionalized dihydropyridine, polyhydroquinoline, 4H-chromene and 2-amino-4H-benzo[b]pyran derivatives at ambient temperature in aqueous medium. All the reactions gave good to excellent yields in 10-45 minutes in the presence of 5 mol% (optimized) of the catalyst. The catalyst was regenerated and reused up to 5 cycles without losing catalytic activity. The gram scale synthesis of dihydropyridine gave the desired product in 82 % yield in 2 h.by Banoth Paplal, S. Nagaraju, Palakollu Veerabhadraiah, Kodam Sujatha, Sriram Kanvah, B. Vijaya Kumar and Dhurke Kashinat