GM1 Ganglioside Modifies α-Synuclein Toxicity and is Neuroprotective in a Rat α-Synuclein Model of Parkinson\u27s Disease.

While GM1 may interact with α-synuclein in vitro to inhibit aggregation, the ability of GM1 to protect against α-synuclein toxicity in vivo has not been investigated. We used targeted adeno-associated viral vector (AAV) overexpression of human mutant α-synuclein (A53T) in the rat substantia nigra (SN) to produce degeneration of SN dopamine neurons, loss of striatal dopamine levels, and behavioral impairment. Some animals received daily GM1 ganglioside administration for 6 weeks, beginning 24 hours after AAV-A53T administration or delayed start GM1 administration for 5 weeks beginning 3 weeks after AAV-A53T administration. Both types of GM1 administration protected against loss of SN dopamine neurons and striatal dopamine levels, reduced α-synuclein aggregation, and delayed start administration of GM1 reversed early appearing behavioral deficits. These results extend prior positive results in MPTP models, are consistent with the results of a small clinical study of GM1 in PD patients that showed slowing of symptom progression with chronic use, and argue for the continued refinement and development of GM1 as a potential disease modifying therapy for PD

Pemecahan Masalah Matematika Siswa Al-Fityan School Gowa ditinjau dari Gender

Problem solving is the highest level of thinking which students need in learning mathematics. This study aims to describe students' mathematical problem solving abilities in terms of gender’s perspective. The research subjects consisted of four students of Class X at SMAIT Al-Fityan School Gowa in the 2018/2019 academic year, consisting of two male students and two female students. The research phase begins with the selection of research subjects determined based on equivalent problem solving ability tests. After selecting the subject, the next phase is giving assignment problem solving, quadratic equations, and interviews. The validity of the data is done by using triangulation of sources by twice interviews, giving tests to students who are different but have the same ability and the same sex in order to produce consistent data. The results showed that female students had better mathematical problem-solving abilities compared to male students based on Polya Steps: 1) understanding the problem, 2) planning the solution, 3) solving the problem, and 4) looking back at the answers.Pemecahan masalah adalah tingkatan berpikir tertinggi yang dibutuhkan siswa dalam belajar matematika. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa ditinjau dari perspektif gender. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari empat siswa SMAIT Al-Fityan School Gowa kelas X pada tahun pelajaran 2018/2019, yang terdiri dua siswa laki-laki dan dua siswa perempuan. Tahap penelitian dimulai dengan pemilihan subjek penelitian yang ditentukan berdasarkan tes kemampuan pemecahan masalah yang setara. Setelah pemilihan subjek, selanjutnya pemberian tugas pemecahan masalah, persamaan kuadrat, dan wawancara. Keabsahan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan triangulasi sumber dengan wawancara dua kali yaitu memberi tes kepada siswa yang berbeda tetapi memiliki kemampuan yang sama dan jenis kelamin yang sama sehingga menghasilkan data yang konsisten. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa perempuan memiliki kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan siswa laki-laki berdasarkan langka Polya: 1) memahami masalah, 2) perencanaan penyelesaian, 3) menyelesaikan masalah, dan 4) melihat kembali jawaban

Selective Jamming of LoRaWAN using Commodity Hardware

Long range, low power networks are rapidly gaining acceptance in the Internet of Things (IoT) due to their ability to economically support long-range sensing and control applications while providing multi-year battery life. LoRa is a key example of this new class of network and is being deployed at large scale in several countries worldwide. As these networks move out of the lab and into the real world, they expose a large cyber-physical attack surface. Securing these networks is therefore both critical and urgent. This paper highlights security issues in LoRa and LoRaWAN that arise due to the choice of a robust but slow modulation type in the protocol. We exploit these issues to develop a suite of practical attacks based around selective jamming. These attacks are conducted and evaluated using commodity hardware. The paper concludes by suggesting a range of countermeasures that can be used to mitigate the attacks.Comment: Mobiquitous 2017, November 7-10, 2017, Melbourne, VIC, Australi

Analysis of Lead, Copper and Zinc Concentrations in Flesh and Shell of Snail Litoraria Melanostoma in the West Coast of Karimun Besar Island of Riau Islands

The research was conducted in February 2015 to determine the concentration of heavy metals (Pb, Cu and Zn) in the flesh and shell of snail L. melanostoma collected from the west coast of Karimun Besar Island of Riau Islands Province. The differences in metal concentrations between shell and flesh as well as between stations were discussed. Higher concentrations of Pb and Cu were found in the flesh, whilst zinc concentration was found to be higher in the shell of the snail. The highest Pb concentration was found in Station I (8.105 μg/g) and the lowest was in Station III (6.476 μg/g). The highest Cu concentration was found in Station II (5.193 μg/g) and the lowest was in Station III (4.333 μg/g). Meanwhile the highest Zn concentration was found in Station III (7.675 μg/g) and the lowest was in Station II (7.408 μg/g). The MPI value of the metals in the west coast of Karimun Besar Island still quite low when compared with other reported regional studies

Increased pathogenicity of pneumococcal serotype 1 is driven by rapid autolysis and release of pneumolysin

Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1 is the predominant cause of invasive pneumococcal disease in sub-Saharan Africa, but the mechanism behind its increased invasiveness is not well understood. Here, we use mouse models of lung infection to identify virulence factors associated with severe bacteraemic pneumonia during serotype-1 (ST217) infection. We use BALB/c mice, which are highly resistant to pneumococcal pneumonia when infected with other serotypes. However, we observe 100% mortality and high levels of bacteraemia within 24 hours when BALB/c mice are intranasally infected with ST217. Serotype 1 produces large quantities of pneumolysin, which is rapidly released due to high levels of bacterial autolysis. This leads to substantial levels of cellular cytotoxicity and breakdown of tight junctions between cells, allowing a route for rapid bacterial dissemination from the respiratory tract into the blood. Thus, our results offer an explanation for the increased invasiveness of serotype 1

3D Hair sketching for real-time dynamic & key frame animations

Physically based simulation of human hair is a well studied and well known problem. But the "pure" physically based representation of hair (and other animation elements) is not the only concern of the animators, who want to "control" the creation and animation phases of the content. This paper describes a sketch-based tool, with which a user can both create hair models with different styling parameters and produce animations of these created hair models using physically and key frame-based techniques. The model creation and animation production tasks are all performed with direct manipulation techniques in real-time. © 2008 Springer-Verlag

PENGARUH KECERDASAN MORAL DAN KECERDASAN SPIRITUAL TERHADAP KESADARAN SOSIAL DENGAN BUDAYA KAMPUS SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI PADA MAHASISWA TADRIS IPS IAIN PAREPARE

This study aims to analyze the effect of moral intelligence and spiritual intelligence on campus culture as a moderating variable on students’ social awareness. This research is classified as quantitative research. The population in this study were students in the Tadris IPS study program, Faculty of Tarbiyah IAIN Parepare class 2018-2021, totaling 176 students. The sample in this study was 122 students whose determination of the number of samples referred to the Slovin formula. Data collection techniques using questionnaires and documentation. Research hypothesis testing was carried out with the help of SmartPLS software. The findings of this study are: (1) there is a positive and significant effect of moral intelligence on students’ social awareness with P Values of 0.002 < 0.05, (2) there is a positive and significant effect of spiritual intelligence on students’ social awareness with P Values of 0.013 < 0, 05, (3) campus culture cannot moderate the effect of moral intelligence on students’ social awareness with P Values 0.062 > 0.05, and (4) campus culture can moderate the effect of spiritual intelligence on students’ social awareness with P Values 0.005 < 0.05. The effect of moral intelligence and spiritual intelligence with campus culture as a moderating variable on students’ social awareness is 58.8%. From these findings, it can be concluded that it is necessary to pay attention to moral intelligence, spiritual intelligence, and campus culture because they have a positive and significant effect on students’ social awareness

A Predictive Study of Students’ Self-regulated Learning Skills and Their Roles in the Social Network Interaction of Online Discussion Board

Online learners’ learning skills and behaviors are challenging for educators to foresee, particularly what skills may be related to certain social interaction behaviors. Self-regulated learning (SRL) skills are critical to online learning. It is unclear how SRL skills may predict social network interaction. This study empirically investigated: How will SRL skills predict students’ network roles (i.e., in-degree, out-degree, betweenness centrality, closeness centrality, eigenvector centrality, reciprocated vertex pair ratio, & PageRank) in the social network discussions of discussion board within online courses? The predictive utility of SRL skills for betweenness and closeness centralities was supported. Learners with greater SRL skills play more influential roles in online discussion network. Learners with higher SRL skills tend to connect to others based on flow and distance of the connections, rather than how prominent (eigenvector) and prestigious (PageRank) of their connections