Effect of rubber ash on mechanical properties of Al6061 based hybrid FGMMC

The usage of rubber ash as a reinforcement material for aluminium composite has never been used, this work pertains to one such experimentation. In this work rubber ash and boron carbide in varying proportions to reinforce Aluminium based Hybrid functional grade metal matrix composite (FGMMC). The fabrication is done using the centrifugal casting method. The rubbish ash and B _4 C content are varied and the samples are tested to get the ratio with the optimal mechanical properties. The tensile strength of the Aluminium based Matrix Composites (AMC) seems to increase with an increase in % weight of rubber ash. Further analysis of the composite reveals that the B _4 C and rubber ash particles were evenly distributed in the AMC. This can be confirmed using SEM imaging. This work studies the usage of boron Carbide and rubber ash to reinforce the FGMMC by comparing its properties to conventional AMC’s. The mechanical properties along with the cost factor are weighed to arrive at a convincing solution

Self aided system in health care monitoring using IOT

The main aim of this paper is to develop long-range medical health care system and also helps us to monitor the patient’s body 24/7 by using IoT. This technology can track physiological indicators from the patient's body at regular intervals. Hospital staffs face severe difficulty when they are faced with the task of taking care of multiple patients simultaneously. Problems such as waiting in the queue, travelling time, moving patient, waiting for doctor etc. are some of the issues faced by the patients. During an emergency, the situation might get worse. Monitoring the critical patient 24/7 is very important for reducing life threatening risk. This paper has a significant impact on the health-care industry. Continuous and real-time structural health monitoring can help to reduce the risk of collapse and the consequences of potentially lethal scenarios. This system is responsible for collecting pulse, body temperature and heart bit from the patient’s body and send the data by using WIFI-Module. Biosensors interfaced with the micro controller will monitor patient’s vital health. If any of the sensor’s present threshold value is exceeded beneath, an alert will be sent to doctor and the patient’s caretaker

Rosiglitazone Treatment Reversed Depression- but Not Psychosis-Like Behavior of db/db Diabetic Mice

The objective of the present study was to examine the effect of long-term management of insulin resistance and hyperglycemia on neurobehavioral deficits in db/db mice. In this study, 5-week-old db/db and lean control mice were fed with rosiglitazone (20 mg/kg/day) mixed or standard chow for a duration of 5 weeks. Mice were monitored weekly for blood glucose concentration. Five weeks after the onset of treatment, they were subjected to the forced swim test (FST), pre-pulse inhibition (PPI), open field test (OFT) and fear-potentiated startle (FPS) test to examine for depression, psychosis-like behavior, locomotor activity and emotional learning, respectively. Rosiglitazone normalized hyperglycemia and improved glucose tolerance. Rosiglitazone significantly reduced immobility time in the FST in db/db mice, suggesting an antidepressant-like effect. However, rosiglitazone failed to reverse disruption of PPI in db/db mice, indicating its ineffectiveness against psychosis-like behavior. In the OFT, rosiglitazone did not affect the activity of db/db mice, suggesting its antidepressant-like effect was independent of changes in locomotor activity. In the FPS test, db/db mice showed impaired emotional learning and rosiglitazone failed to correct it. In conclusion, long-term blood glucose management in type-2 diabetics may help to limit the co-occurrence of depression but not the psychotic symptoms and ability to cope with stress

Rosiglitazone Treatment Reversed Depression- but Not Psychosis-Like Behavior of db/db Diabetic Mice

The objective of the present study was to examine the effect of long-term management of insulin resistance and hyperglycemia on neurobehavioral deficits in db/db mice. In this study, 5-week-old db/db and lean control mice were fed with rosiglitazone (20 mg/kg/day) mixed or standard chow for a duration of 5 weeks. Mice were monitored weekly for blood glucose concentration. Five weeks after the onset of treatment, they were subjected to the forced swim test (FST), pre-pulse inhibition (PPI), open field test (OFT) and fear-potentiated startle (FPS) test to examine for depression, psychosis-like behavior, locomotor activity and emotional learning, respectively. Rosiglitazone normalized hyperglycemia and improved glucose tolerance. Rosiglitazone significantly reduced immobility time in the FST in db/db mice, suggesting an antidepressant-like effect. However, rosiglitazone failed to reverse disruption of PPI in db/db mice, indicating its ineffectiveness against psychosis-like behavior. In the OFT, rosiglitazone did not affect the activity of db/db mice, suggesting its antidepressant-like effect was independent of changes in locomotor activity. In the FPS test, db/db mice showed impaired emotional learning and rosiglitazone failed to correct it. In conclusion, long-term blood glucose management in type-2 diabetics may help to limit the co-occurrence of depression but not the psychotic symptoms and ability to cope with stress

Effect of abrasive grit grade on the abrasion wear behaviour of long banana-jute fibers reinforced hybrid epoxy composites

The effect of abrasive grit geometry on two-body abrasion wear behavior of long banana and jute fiber reinforced epoxy composites has been investigated. Epoxy (EP), Epoxy/4 wt% Banana fiber (BF)/4 wt%Jute fiber (JF) (EP8), Epoxy/8 wt%BF/8 wt%JF (EP16), Epoxy/12 wt%BF/12 wt% JF (EP24), and Epoxy/16 wt% BF/16 wt%JF (EP32) were the composite materials systems used for the investigation. These composites were processed and fabricated using hand—lay-up technique. The two body abrasion wear test was carried out in accordance with ASTM G99 under the influence of different SiC grit particles (180, 320, 400, and 600 SiC grit). The test was conducted at a room temperature under the abrasion load of 10 N and abrasion speed of 1 m s ^−1 over a distance of 100 m. The findings of the experiments revealed that wear response of composites depends on pressure, geometry of abrasion particles and their composition. The wear volume loss and specific wear rate decreases with increase in the rank of grit grade. Further, 16 wt% of fibers in composites exhibits the superior abrasion wear resistance. But the higher volume fraction of natural fibers in composites impaired the abrasion wear resistance. Higher rank of grit number was associated with the lesser wear volume loss because of the change in wear mechanism from abrasion to adhesion. In comparison to epoxy based composites, EP16 composite shows superior wear resistance. SEM images were used to examine the worn surfaces

Dorsal inlay inner preputial graft for primary hypospadias repair

Background: The most commonly performed operation to repair distal hypospadias is the Tubularised incised plate (TIP) repair. The key step is midline incision of the urethral plate, which widens a narrow plate and converts a flat into a deep plate groove, ensuring a vertical, slit neomeatus and a normal-calibre neourethra. At times in cases of proximal hypospadias, the urethral plate is very narrow and needs to be augmented or substituted for further tubularisation. We report our experience with primary single stage dorsal inlay urethroplasty using preputial skin grafts. Patients and Methods: Children with proximal hypospadias with a narrow urethral plate formed the study group. Children needing transection of the urethral plate, having undergone circumcision/hypospadias repair previously or having an inadequate prepuce was excluded. Results: Twelve children with a mean age of 48.83 months underwent primary dorsal inlay preputial graft urethroplasty for proximal hypospadias with a very narrow urethral plate. At an average follow-up of 42.16 months, 2 (16.66%) children had a breakdown of ventral shaft skin. None of the children had meatal stenosis, and none of these 12 children developed urethrocutaneous fistula. Conclusion: Primary dorsal inlay inner preputial graft urethroplasty successfully fulfills all traditional hypospadias repair criteria. It offers a viable, safe, rapid and easy option in the management of proximal hypospadias with a narrow urethral plate

Antipsychotic-like Effect of GLP-1 Agonist Liraglutide but not DPP-IV Inhibitor Sitagliptin in Mouse Model for Psychosis

Recent studies indicate a high comorbidity between type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and neurological disorders. Many are associated with abnormalities in dopamine neurotransmission such as schizophrenia. Because most of the antipsychotic drugs aggravate pre-existing insulin resistance in type-2 diabetics, there is a need to search for alternative antipsychotics. Glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a gut hormone primarily involved in glucose homeostasis. GLP-1 agonist (liraglutide) and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor (sitagliptin) are the US-FDA approved medications for the management of T2DM. However, little is known about their role in dopamine mediated neurological disorders like schizophrenia. To address this, we used apomorphine-induced cage climbing behavior as a murine model for psychosis and examined for potential antipsychotic-like effect of liraglutide and sitagliptin. While acute liraglutide treatment (50 μg/kg; i.p.) significantly attenuated apomorphine (3 mg/kg, s.c.) induced cage climbing, sitagliptin (50 mg/kg; i.p.) failed to elicit such effect. This is the first preclinical evidence for antipsychotic-like effect of GLP-1 receptor agonist. These results open an opportunity to explore GLP-1 analogs for their potential to modulate spectrum of dopamine-mediated neurological disorders

Neurobehavioral Deficits in db/db Diabetic Mice

Recent clinical studies indicate neurobehavioral disturbances in type-2 diabetics. However, there is paucity of preclinical research to support this concept. The validity of db/db mouse as an animal model to study type-2 diabetes and related complications is known. The present study was designed to investigate comprehensively the db/db mouse behavior as preclinical evidence of type-2 diabetes related major neurobehavioral complications. We tested juvenile (5–6 weeks) and adult (10–11 weeks) db/db mice for behavioral depression in forced swim test (FST), psychosis-like symptoms using pre-pulse inhibition (PPI) test, anxiety behavior employing elevated plus maze (EPM) test, locomotor behavior and thigmotaxis using open field test and working memory deficits in Y-maze test. Both juvenile and adultgroup db/db mice displayed behavioral despair with increased immobility time in FST. There was an age-dependent progression of psychosis-like symptoms with disrupted PPI in adult db/db mice. In the EPM test, db/db mice were less anxious as observed by increased percent open arms time and entries. They were also hypo-locomotive as evident by a decrease in their basic and fine movements. There was no impairment of working memory in the Y-maze test in db/db mice. This is the first report of depression, psychosis-like symptoms and anxiolytic behavior of db/db mouse strain. It is tempting to speculate that this mouse strain can serve as useful preclinical model to study type-2 diabetes related neurobehavioral complications