Morphological characterization and physio-chemical properties of nanoparticle - review

The discovery by researchers that the physio-chemical properties of a substance can be influenced by size led to a realization of the importance of Nano particles. Due to its excellent characteristics, these materials have been a source of interest for researchers in multidisciplinary fields. The morphological features of nanoparticles always garner prodigious attention because of the influence morphology has over most of the Nanoparticles’ properties. This review provides insight to the morphological characterization and physio-chemical of its properties

Impact of activated–flux tungsten inert gas (a-tig) welding on weld joint of a metal – Review

Welding is applied in every industry and it’s a major method of manufacturing and revamping metal products because its generally economical, efficient and reliable as a means of joining together metals. Various ways have been proposed to improve the process ranging from adjusting the various welding parameters like welding current, voltage, arc length, width, type of shielding gas used, to using arc pulsing. The method that has however gained the most attention is the Activated-flux TIG welding process which utilizes welding flux to help reduce the bead width and increase the weld penetration. In order to improve the TIG welding process’s industrial efficiency and penetration ability, one method commonly applied is the use of activating flux with the welding process. This review provides insight to the impact of Activated - Flux Tungsten Inert Gas Welding on weld joint of a materials metal

Impacts of Carburizing Temperature and Holding Time on Wear of High Speed Steel Cutting Tools.

The paper presents a report on effects of variation in carburizing temperature and time on cutting tool to enhance its use in engineering applications. 30 pieces of HSS cutting tools (200 x 14 x 14 mm) sizes were used for the project and its composition was analyzed with the UV-VIS spectrometer before carburization. The tools were carburized with pulverized carbon (Palm Kernel Shell) using 25 % Barium trioxocarbonate (V) as an energizer in a muffle treatment furnace of about 1500oC. The performance evaluation of the tool was done by measuring its wear volume, wear resistance, weight loss and wear rate on all the samples (treated and untreated) using Rotopol –V. Minimum wear rate of the tool was 1.095 X 10 -8 cm2/N at carburizing temperature with time of 950oC and 120 minutes, 2.190 X 10 -8 cm2/N at 800oC and 60 minutes while those of the control sample ( untreated) was 1.127 X 10 -8 cm2/N. It can be concluded that the carburized tool has a lower wear rate at high carburizing temperature with time over at low carburizing temperature with time and control (untreated sample) in the tests carried out. The result of the performance evaluation tests corroborated the higher qualities of the carburized cutting tool at high temperature with time over others

Impacts of Carburizing Temperature and Holding Time on Wear of High Speed Steel Cutting Tools.

The paper presents a report on effects of variation in carburizing temperature and time on cutting tool to enhance its use in engineering applications. 30 pieces of HSS cutting tools (200 x 14 x 14 mm) sizes were used for the project and its composition was analyzed with the UV-VIS spectrometer before carburization. The tools were carburized with pulverized carbon (Palm Kernel Shell) using 25 % Barium trioxocarbonate (V) as an energizer in a muffle treatment furnace of about 1500oC. The performance evaluation of the tool was done by measuring its wear volume, wear resistance, weight loss and wear rate on all the samples (treated and untreated) using Rotopol –V. Minimum wear rate of the tool was 1.095 X 10 -8 cm2/N at carburizing temperature with time of 950oC and 120 minutes, 2.190 X 10 -8 cm2/N at 800oC and 60 minutes while those of the control sample ( untreated) was 1.127 X 10 -8 cm2/N. It can be concluded that the carburized tool has a lower wear rate at high carburizing temperature with time over at low carburizing temperature with time and control (untreated sample) in the tests carried out. The result of the performance evaluation tests corroborated the higher qualities of the carburized cutting tool at high temperature with time over others

Modeling and Simulation of Wave load on Periodic Support for Isolation system of offshore platform.

The wave-induced dynamic load is one of the most important excitations to be dealt with in the design of offshore structures and the platforms. In order to perform a reliable design of an offshore structure, it is important to obtain an exact evaluation of its dynamic response to wave load but also to examine the ways of reducing the response. The work analyzed the effects of wave load on periodic support of isolation system of jacket offshore platform. The platform considered herein as an example to examine the effectiveness of the proposed vibration control strategy for offshore structures. In this section, a parametric study for the jacket offshore platform with installation of the periodic support to enhance isolation system due to its attenuations ability over broad frequencies and the effects of wave load on offshore jacket platforms installed with energy dissipation devices such as periodic support were presented. The offshore jacket platforms are modeled as multi-degrees-of-freedom and the general equation for fluid forces acting on a cylinder, considering the relative motion of the body in the fluid as per the Morison’s equation was applied to form the basis of modeling of the wave load and supports. The analyzes of the effects of wave load on the offshore platform especially with periodic support was considered due to its attenuations over broad frequencies. It could be realized from the result that increase in waves load varies the increase in frequency domain of the system which enhances subjection to vibration

Production of Cutting Tools from Recycled Steel with Palm Kernel Shell as Carbon Additives

Machining is an integral and indispensable part of production technology with cutting tool playing key roles in its operations. This work therefore developed cutting tool from scrapped crank shaft, connecting rod, alloy additives and palm kernel shell. These materials were chosen due to their hardness and availability. The scrapped crankshaft and rod (100 kg) containing 0.560 % carbon were charged into electric induction furnace with maximum temperature 3000oC. The composition of the charged materials was analyzed with the UV-VIS spectrometer before and after melting. In order to raise the carbon content of the melt to 0.65% target (HSS) and upgrade relevant elements, alloy additives were added. Annealing was the first treatment carried out in muffle treatment furnace at temperature at 900oC for 9 hrs then cooled to 300oC. The annealed materials were machined into 20 pieces of long (199 x 12 x 12 mm) and short (20x 12 x12 mm) sizes. Further treatments of hardening, normalizing and tempering were also carried out on the cutting tools. The tools were then carburized with pulverized carbon using 20 % Barium trioxocarbonate (V) as an energizer in a muffle treatment furnace. Each of the samples was soaked at temperature of 800oC, 850oC, 900oC and 950oC for 60, 90 and 120 minutes holding time. Microhardness and surface hardness of the tool were 47.9 and 76.8HR, while for control sample were 46.1 and 76.3HR respectively

EFFECTS OF CARBURIZATION ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF RECYCLED STEEL WITH PERM KERNEL SHELL (PKS) AS CARBON ADDITIVES.

The prediction and control of wear is one of the most essential problems emerging in the design of cutting operations which has to be checked through local production. This work therefore studies the effects of carburization on mechanical properties of recycled steel with Perm Kernel Shell (PKS) as carbon additives. 40 pieces of recycled Steel tools were used for the project. The tools were carburized with 40 kg of pulverized carbon of Perm Kernel Shell using 30 % Barium trioxocarbonate (V) as an energizer in a muffle treatment furnace of about 1500oC. Each sample was held at temperature of 800oC, 850oC, 900oC and 950oC for 60, 90 and 120 minutes holding time. The performance evaluation of the tool was done by using the tools (carburized and un-carburized) to machining low and medium carbon work piece on the lathe machine and also measured its impact/toughness using impact tester. The results shown best cutting performances and toughness in carburized tool of higher impact/ toughness value of 24 J over control sample of 17 J. The result of the performance evaluation tests corroborated the higher qualities of the carburized cutting tool over un-carburized type

MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS IN END MILLING OF ALUMINIUM USING LEAST SQUARE APPROXIMATION METHOD AND RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY

In end milling, accurate setting of process parameters is extremely important to obtained enhanced surface roughness (SR). Due to a recent innovation in mechanization made it possible to produce high quality manufacturing products. The perceptions of quality in mechanical products are their physical look that is the surface roughness (SR). The aim of this research work is to develop mathematical expression (M.E) and mathematical model using least square approximation method and Response Surface Methodology (RMS) to predict the SR for end milling of Al 6061 alloy. The process parameters that were selected as predictors for the SR are Spindle speed (V), axial depth of cut (a), feed rate (f) and radial depth of cut (d). 30 samples of Al 6061 alloy were carried out using SIEG 3/10/0010 CNC machines and each of the experimental result was measured using Mitutoyo surface roughness tester and Presso- firm. The minimum SR of 0.5 μm were obtained at a spindle speed of 2034.608 rpm, feed rate of 100 mm/min, axial depth of cut of 20 mm, and radial depth of cut 1.5 mm. Analysis of variances shows that the most influential parameters was feed rate. Afte

MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS IN END MILLING OF ALUMINIUM USING LEAST SQUARE APPROXIMATION METHOD AND RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY

In end milling, accurate setting of process parameters is extremely important to obtained enhanced surface roughness (SR). Due to a recent innovation in mechanization made it possible to produce high quality manufacturing products. The perceptions of quality in mechanical products are their physical look that is the surface roughness (SR). The aim of this research work is to develop mathematical expression (M.E) and mathematical model using least square approximation method and Response Surface Methodology (RMS) to predict the SR for end milling of Al 6061 alloy. The process parameters that were selected as predictors for the SR are Spindle speed (V), axial depth of cut (a), feed rate (f) and radial depth of cut (d). 30 samples of Al 6061 alloy were carried out using SIEG 3/10/0010 CNC machines and each of the experimental result was measured using Mitutoyo surface roughness tester and Presso-firm. The minimum SR of 0.5 μm were obtained at a spindle speed of 2034.608 rpm, feed rate of 100 mm/min, axial depth of cut of 20 mm, and radial depth of cut 1.5 mm. Analysis of variances shows that the most influential parameters was feed rate. After the predicted SR has been obtained by using the two methods, average percentage deviation was calculated, the result obtained using least square approximation method (that is the mathematical expression) show the accuracy of 99% and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) mathematical model shows accuracy of 99.6% which is viable and appropriate in prediction of SR. When either of these models are applied this will enhance the rate of production