179,225 research outputs found
Parallelization of Markov chain generation and its application to the multicanonical method
We develop a simple algorithm to parallelize generation processes of Markov
chains. In this algorithm, multiple Markov chains are generated in parallel and
jointed together to make a longer Markov chain. The joints between the
constituent Markov chains are processed using the detailed balance. We apply
the parallelization algorithm to multicanonical calculations of the
two-dimensional Ising model and demonstrate accurate estimation of
multicanonical weights.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures, uses elsart.cl
Stochastic Acceleration of Low Energy Electrons in Plasmas with Finite Temperature
This paper extends our earlier work on the acceleration of low-energy
electrons by plasma turbulence to include the effects of finite temperature of
the plasma. We consider the resonant interaction of thermal electrons with the
whole transverse branch of plasma waves propagating along the magnetic field.
We show that our earlier published results for acceleration of low-energy
electrons can be applied to the case of finite temperature if a sufficient
level of turbulence is present. From comparison of the acceleration rate of the
thermal particles with the decay rate of the waves with which they interact, we
determine the required energy density of the waves as a fraction of the
magnetic energy density, so that a substantial fraction of the background
plasma electrons can be accelerated. The dependence of this value on the plasma
parameter alpha = omega_pe / Omega_e (the ratio of electron plasma frequency to
electron gyrofrequency), plasma temperature, and turbulence spectral parameters
is quantified. We show that the result is most sensitive to the plasma
parameter alpha. We estimate the required level of total turbulence by
calculating the level of turbulence required for the initial acceleration of
thermal electrons and that required for further acceleration to higher
energies
A stochastic model of cascades in 2D turbulence
The dual cascade of energy and enstrophy in 2D turbulence cannot easily be
understood in terms of an analog to the Richardson-Kolmogorov scenario
describing the energy cascade in 3D turbulence. The coherent up- and downscale
fluxes points to non-locality of interactions in spectral space, and thus the
specific spatial structure of the flow could be important. Shell models, which
lack spacial structure and have only local interactions in spectral space,
indeed fail in reproducing the correct scaling for the inverse cascade of
energy. In order to exclude the possibility that non-locality of interactions
in spectral space is crucial for the dual cascade, we introduce a stochastic
spectral model of the cascades which is local in spectral space and which shows
the correct scaling for both the direct enstrophy - and the inverse energy
cascade.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
A NWB-based dataset and processing pipeline of human single-neuron activity during a declarative memory task
A challenge for data sharing in systems neuroscience is the multitude of different data formats used. Neurodata Without Borders: Neurophysiology 2.0 (NWB:N) has emerged as a standardized data format for the storage of cellular-level data together with meta-data, stimulus information, and behavior. A key next step to facilitate NWB:N adoption is to provide easy to use processing pipelines to import/export data from/to NWB:N. Here, we present a NWB-formatted dataset of 1863 single neurons recorded from the medial temporal lobes of 59 human subjects undergoing intracranial monitoring while they performed a recognition memory task. We provide code to analyze and export/import stimuli, behavior, and electrophysiological recordings to/from NWB in both MATLAB and Python. The data files are NWB:N compliant, which affords interoperability between programming languages and operating systems. This combined data and code release is a case study for how to utilize NWB:N for human single-neuron recordings and enables easy re-use of this hard-to-obtain data for both teaching and research on the mechanisms of human memory
Investigation of the New Local Group Galaxy VV 124
We present the results of our stellar photometry and spectroscopy for the new
Local Group galaxy VV 124 (UGC 4879) obtained with the 6-m BTA telescope. The
presence of a few bright supergiants in the galaxy indicates that the current
star formation process is weak. The apparent distribution of stars with
different ages in VV 124 does not differ from the analogous distributions of
stars in irregular galaxies, but the ratio of the numbers of young and old
stars indicates that VV 124 belongs to the rare Irr/Sph type of galaxies. The
old stars (red giants) form the most extended structure, a thick disk with an
exponential decrease in the star number density to the edge. Definitely, the
young population unresolvable in images makes a great contribution to the
background emission from the central galactic regions. The presence of young
stars is also confirmed by the [O III] emission line visible in the spectra
that belongs to extensive diffuse galactic regions. The mean radial velocity of
several components (two bright supergiants, the unresolvable stellar
population, and the diffuse gas) is v_h = -70+/-15 km/s and the velocity with
which VV 124 falls into the Local Group is v_LG = -12+/-15 km/s. We confirm the
distance to the galaxy D = 1.1+/-0.1 Mpc and the metallicity of red giants
([Fe/H] = -1.37) found by Kopylov et al. (2008).VV 124 is located on the
periphery of the Local Group approximately at the same distance from M 31 and
our Galaxy and is isolated from other galaxies. The galaxy LeoA nearest to it
is 0.5 Mpc away.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy Letters
(2010, Vol. 36, No. 5, pp. 309-318
Energy flux fluctuations in a finite volume of turbulent flow
The flux of turbulent kinetic energy from large to small spatial scales is
measured in a small domain B of varying size R. The probability distribution
function of the flux is obtained using a time-local version of Kolmogorov's
four-fifths law. The measurements, made at a moderate Reynolds number, show
frequent events where the flux is backscattered from small to large scales,
their frequency increasing as R is decreased. The observations are corroborated
by a numerical simulation based on the motion of many particles and on an
explicit form of the eddy damping.Comment: 10 Pages, 5 figures, 1 tabl
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