RESEARCH ON THE BEHAVIOR OF SOME VINE CULTIVARES WITH RED GRAPES IN THE SANDY SOIL AREA OF SOUTH OLTENIA

The researches carried out followed the behavior of some cultivares of vines with red grapes in the ampelographic collection, over a period of three years (2020-2022). During the three years of study, the grape cultivares for red wines budded between April 13-20, the 'Mamaia' cultivar budded the earliest, and the 'Pandur' cultivar at the latest. Shoot fertility recorded different values ​​depending on the cultivar and climatic conditions. From the point of view of the average production of grapes, in the analyzed period, the cultivares'Novac' stood out 20479 kg/ha, being registered from a statistical point of view as very significantly positive, 'Codană'18089 kg/ha and 'Haiduc' 17662 kg/ha, from a statistical point of view, they registered distinctly significant positive meanings. The values ​​of the content in total sugars, at harvest maturity, fluctuated from one cultivar to another but also from one year to another. From this point of view, the 'Codană'cultivar  was in first place, with an average amount of total sugars of 207 g/l. The 'Arcaș' cultivar achieved an average total sugar content, with the lowest value (180 g/l). In the period 2020-2022, the grape cultivaresanalyzed behaved differently depending on the climatic conditions of the crop year

THE PRELIMINARY RESULTS REGARDING THE BEHAVIOR OF SOME CURRANT CULTIVARS ON THE SANDY SOILS FROM THE SOUTH OF OLTENIA

The currant is an rustic species, with a high biological potential, able of yielding 5-8 tons/ha. It grows wildly in mountainous areas of Europe (Alps, Carpathians), Asia and North America. The currant is one of the most widespread shrubs in cultivation in our country. The production results were better for the black currant compared to the red currant. In the study period, from all studied red currant cultivars, the Detvan cultivar was highligth with 2.9 t/ha yield.  For the  black currant cultivars the yield was much higher versus to the red currants yield, being between 3.0 t/ha to Poli 51 cultivar and 4.6 t / ha to Tisel cultivar

THE BEHAVIOR OF VARIETIES OF JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE ON THE SANDY SOILS FROM SOUTH OF OLTENIA

The Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) is considered a species with relatively high tolerance to water stress and very high adaptability to extremes of unfavorable factors - drought resistance, at extremely high temperatures (350- 450C the plants and -300 -450C the tubers). The tubers with high inulin content are formed on the root branches and are increasingly used as food for patients with diabetes. The variety is one of the main factors of the technology, the cultivation of a variety should be done only after a preliminary test regarding its adaptability to the natural environmental factors. On the sandy soils from Dabuleni were studied the varieties Dacic, Olimp, Rustic and the local population Dăbuleni. It was noted by the number of tubers/plant the Olimp variety with 60.4 stems/plant, and the highest weight of a tuber was recorded in the Rustic variety (51.6 g/tuber). The highest production was made at the Olimp variety, respectively 70.03 t/ha, corresponding to the largest number of tubers harvested at a plant, followed by the production of the Rustic variety of 51.97t/ ha. At the Dacic variety, 15.6 t/ha were obtained, and the local population of Dăbuleni achieved the lowest production (6.45 t/ha). The inulin content was between 12.49% in the Rustic variety and 14.47% in the Olimp variety. Dacic varieties and local population Dăbuleni were highlighted by high in total dry matter, soluble dry matter and soluble carbohydrates, and Rustic varieties and local population Dabuleni were high in vitamin C content (14.92-14.96 mg)

RESEARCH ON THE EFFICACY AND SELECTIVITY OF SOME HERBICIDES APPLIED TO GRAIN SORGHUM

The research carried out during the period 2018-2019 at Dabuleni Research Development Station for Plant Culture on Sands (Dabuleni RDSPCS) underlines the importance of the herbicide work on the sorghum crop for grains, placed under the conditions of sandy soils. The products were tested: Trek P34 SE (pendimethalin 64 g / l + terbuthylazine 270 g / l), in doses of 2.5 l / ha and 3.5 l / ha, Gardoprim Plus Gold 500 SC (S-metolachlor 312, 5 g / l + terbuthylazine 197.5 g / l), in a dose of 1 l / ha, Universal Buctril (bromoxynil 280 g / l + 2,4-D acid (ester) 280 g / l), in a dose of 1 l / ha, Dicopur Top 464 SL (344 g / l 2.4 D acid from DMA salt and 120 g / l dicamba), in a dose of 1 l / ha and Dual Gold 960 EC (960 g/l S-metolaclor), in a dose of 1,5 l/ha. The spectrum of weeds recorded in the untreated variant is highlighted by the abundant presence of the species Ambrosia artemisiifolia, in 48.9%, followed by Digitaria sanguinalis (29.6%), Portulacca oleraceaea (12.2%) and Chenopodium album (9.3 %). The EWRS ratings, regarding the weed degree in the untreated variant, underline high values throughout the vegetation period, the grades being in the range 6-9, with an average of 7.88. Compared to this variant, the application of herbicides ensures a weed control, for the period 15-60 days after application, in a percentage of 50.8-71.4%. The obtained results show that the best control over the weed degree in the sorghum culture was achieved by the post-emergent application of the product Trek P34 SE, at a dose of 3, 5 l / ha, the production of grains obtained at harvesting being 7333.5 kg / ha, compared with the non-herbicide control, in which 3070.5 kg / ha were registered