Investigation of the Effects of Ghrelin and Kisspeptin Levels in Liver Tissue of Rats Fed with High Fructose Diet -A Histological Study

Purpose: High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is used commonly in the food industry and has been associated with various diseases including obesity, diabetes and fatty liver. Ghrelin, an orexigenic hormone with widespread receptors in many tissues, exerts various central and peripheral effects. Food intake may reduce its synthesis. Kisspeptin plays a major role in reproductive hormones and its receptors are expressed in tissues with high metabolic activity, such as the liver. This study aims to investigate the effects of HFCS consumption on liver tissue and its relationship with Kisspeptin and Ghrelin levels. Materials and Methods: Fourteen adult male Wistar albino rats, aged eight to ten weeks, were used in this study and divided into two groups; Control and HFCS (n=7). Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), Ghrelin, and Kisspeptin levels in the liver tissues of the rats were measured using an immunohistochemical method and subsequently analyzed through histoscoring. Results: Our data revealed a significant increase in Kisspeptin, Caspase 3, and TNF-α levels and a decrease in Ghrelin levels in the HFCS group compared to the Control group. Conclusion: In conclusion, our study demonstrates, for the first time, changes in liver Kisspeptin levels induced by a high fructose diet. Furthermore, the consumption of HFCS in food led to inflammatory activation, tissue damage, and reduced Ghrelin levels

Correlation of the radial inclination angle in the distal part of the radius with the volar cortical angle and age-related changes of these angles

Background/Aim. The radial inclination (RI) and volar cortical (VC) angle values used in the treatment of radial distal end fractures may vary depending on factors such as the age and gender of the patient. That raises the question of the compatibility of the standard anatomical plates, which are frequently used in the surgical treatment of these fractures. The aim of the study was to evaluate the VC and RI angles depending on the age and gender of subjects and determine the correlation between these two angles. Methods. A total of 121 individuals (59 females and 62 males) aged 10–65 years were included in the study. The individuals were divided into two groups: a group of 60 adolescents (31 females, 29 males) 10–20 years old and a group of 61 adults (28 females, 33 males) aged 20–65 years. The subjects were also evaluated between themselves, independently, within each age group. Radiographic images were evaluated by using the 3.0.1.55 version of the KarPacsViewer application. Measurement points were determined, and angles between these points were measured. Statistical analyses were made using the SPSS 15.0 program. Results. When the correlation for 121 individuals was assessed independently of their gender, no statistically significant relationship was found between the RI angle and age (p = 0.616; r = -0.046). A statistically negative (or opposite) relationship was found between the VC angle and age (p < 0.001; r = -0.396). When women and men were compared in terms of the RI and VC angles, no statistically significant difference was found (p = 0.958, p = 0.165, respectively). The VC angle decreased as the age increased in females (p = 0.004; r = -0.365), while both the RI and VC angles decreased with increasing age in males (p = 0.032, r = -0.273; p < 0.0001, r = -0.445, respectively). Conclusion. Our findings regarding the RI and VC angles offer an advantage in terms of determining which plate designs are most appropriate for planning surgical procedures and treatment processes